Substance Priming

Rose, Abigail K.

doi:10.1002/9781118384404.ch16

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 98 publications

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“…[38][39][40] A psychological trait of impulsivity may involve a vulnerability to addiction. 41,42 Constitutional factors, including genetic ones, 43,44 are clear, suggesting differences in the overall sensitivity of the reward system. One interesting theory relates such differences to the oxytocin system.…”

Section: Risks Vulnerabilities Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenology of addictive craving: recognition and clinical utility

Smith

2024

JPCPY

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Addiction with its “craving” is a major health problem, world wide. It is useful toknow features of addictive “craving” to distinguish it from desire. These include its instrumentalfocus, its intensity, its imperative nature, its urgency, its salience, and its sense of necessity. Associated emotions include anticipated joy; anger, dysphoria, and fear, in deprivation; and desperation. Associated executive dysfunctions include distortions, rationalizations, preoccupations, ego syntonicity, poor judgment, loss of volition, and lack insight. Differences from other desires for drugs include those desired for pleasure, for social function, and for medical or psychiatric need. Addiction “craving” needs to be distinguished from medical need, psychological dependence, and physical dependence. The biology of addictive “craving” drives itas a motivational force unto itself. The risks of developing addiction include past addiction, developmental factors, social factors, psychological factors, impulsivity, constitutional factors. But addiction requires that the patient reach a threshold of quantity and frequency in use. Someclinical considerations include a patient’s reluctance to disclose “craving,” the resort to illegitimate sources, the need for sound monitoring when medically prescribed

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Section: Risks Vulnerabilities Dependencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenomenology of addictive craving: recognition and clinical utility

Smith

2024

JPCPY

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An interoceptive basis for alcohol priming effects

et al. 2021

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Rationale Alcohol priming can modulate the value of rewards, as observed through the effects of acute alcohol administration on cue reactivity. However, little is known about the psychophysiological mechanisms driving these effects. Here, we examine how alcohol-induced changes in bodily states shape the development of implicit attentional biases and explicit cue reactivity. Objectives To characterize the interoceptive correlates of alcohol priming effects on alcohol attentional biases and cue reactivity. Methods In a two-session double-blind alcohol administration procedure, participants ( n =31) were given a 0.4-g/kg dose of alcohol or a placebo drink. Cardiovascular responses were measured before and after alcohol administration to observe the effects of alcohol on viscero-afferent reactivity, as indexed through changes in heart rate variability (HRV) at or near 0.1 Hz (0.1-Hz HRV). Next, participants completed a modified flanker task to examine implicit alcohol attentional biases and provided subjective valence and arousal ratings of alcohol cues to examine explicit cue reactivity. Results We found that changes in 0.1-Hz HRV after alcohol administration positively correlated with attentional biases, and negatively correlated with alcohol valence ratings; blood alcohol content was a null predictor. Conclusions This is novel evidence that suggests alcohol-induced changes in bodily states may mediate the occurrence of alcohol priming effects and highlights the potentially generative role of interoceptive mechanisms in alcohol-related behaviors. The differential patterns revealed by implicit biases and explicit response tendencies are considered within the context of the dissociation between wanting and liking. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00213-021-05796-w.

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Substance Priming

Cited by 2 publications

References 98 publications

Phenomenology of addictive craving: recognition and clinical utility

Phenomenology of addictive craving: recognition and clinical utility

An interoceptive basis for alcohol priming effects

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