Substance use, abuse and dependence in adolescence: prevalence, symptom profiles and correlates

Young, Susan E.; Corley, Robin P.; Stallings, Michael C.; Rhee, Soo Hyun; Crowley, Thomas J.; Hewitt, John K.

doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00225-9

Cited by 298 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Reports of greater vulnerability to substance use in boys 2,12 have usually been based on rates of substance abuse, not substance use, which could indicate that transition from use to abuse is more prevalent among boys than girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 However, substance-use initiation confers vulnerability for later substance abuse, and a better understanding of its behavioral predictors can help to shape preventive measures at both the individual and societal levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 Currently, nearly 1 in 5 high school seniors smokes every day, 11 whereas Ͼ90% of 17-yearolds have experimented at least once with tobacco (68%), alcohol (88%), marijuana (53%), or other drugs (31%). 12 A growing body of literature has identified a variety of psychiatric symptoms that are associated with adolescent substance use either as comorbid diagnoses or risk factors. It should be noted that psychiatric symptoms may be the manifestation of the chronic exposure to drugs of abuse and resolve once exposure is discontinued.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Predictors of Substance-Use Initiation in Adolescents With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2006

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OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to examine substance-use initiation in healthy adolescents and in adolescents who have been diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. METHODS. Seventy-eight adolescents (28 healthy and 50 with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) participated in an ongoing longitudinal study of predictors of substance use. The substances most commonly reported were tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. Aggression, conduct problems, hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, anxiety/depression, social difficulties, and somatic complaints were assessed at study entry and tested as predictors for later substance use. RESULTS. With an average of 4 years into the study, 37 adolescents had not used any substances, 41 had experimented with at least 1 substance, and 29 experimented with >1 substance. Psychiatric diagnoses (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and depression/anxiety) did not influence reports of substance use. Distinct behavioral measures collected at study entry predicted use of different substances. In a multivariate analysis, aggression had the greatest association with tobacco smoking and marijuana use. Impulsivity was associated with alcohol use. Severity of drug exposure, indexed by the number of substances used, was predicted by aggression. CONCLUSIONS. This 4-year longitudinal study captured the onset of substance use, not abuse. Behavioral predictors differed with the type of substance used. These behavioral characteristics may raise suspicion among pediatricians for enhanced risk for substance-use initiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Predictors of Substance-Use Initiation in Adolescents With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2006

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“…Of the 231 controls, 55 (24%) of matches were taken from the epidemiological set of controls (Miles et al, 1998) and 176 (76%) were taken from community-based samples (Young et al, 2002). Birth years are comparable in the two groups, but age at testing is higher in the controls, since controls were required to have reached their sixteenth birthday prior to assessment to allow for substance exposure.…”

Section: Demographicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of candidate genes with antisocial drug dependence in adolescents

Corley

Zeiger

Crowley

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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The Colorado Center for Antisocial Drug Dependence (CADD) is using several research designs and strategies in its study of the genetic basis for antisocial drug dependence in adolescents. This study reports Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) association results from a Targeted Gene Assay (SNP chip) of 231 Caucasian male probands in treatment with antisocial drug dependence and a matched set of community controls. The SNP chip was designed to assay 1500 SNPs distributed across 50 candidate genes that have had associations with substance use disorders and conduct disorder. There was an average gene-wide inter-SNP interval of 3000 base pairs. After eliminating SNPs with poor signals and low minor allele frequencies, 60 nominally significant associations were found among the remaining 1073 SNPs in 18 of 49 candidate genes. Although none of the SNPs achieved genome-wide association significance levels (defined as p < .000001), two genes probed with multiple SNPs (OPRM1 and CHRNA2) emerged as plausible candidates for a role in antisocial drug dependence after gene-based permutation tests. The custom-designed SNP chip served as an effective and flexible platform for rapid interrogation of a large number of plausible candidate genes.

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“…Likewise, Australian users aged 20-21 years most frequently endorsed DSM-IV 'persistent desire to cut down/control use' (10%; 91% dependent users) and 'used more/longer than intended' (8%; 84% dependent users) [30]. US adolescents aged 12-18 years [31] reported 'continued use despite a physical/psychological problem' (45%; 60% dependent users) 'tolerance' (35%; 51% dependent users), and 'used more/longer than intended' (21%; 35% dependent users). By contrast, frequent and infrequent German adolescent users aged 14+ years reported similar symptoms, with withdrawal (17%), tolerance (15%), and loss of control (14%), most prevalent [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabis Use and Disorder Transitions Among a Mixed Community Sample of At-Risk Adolescents and Adults: A Prospective New Zealand Study

Bashford¹,

Copeland²,

Flett³

2013

TOADDJ

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Introduction and Aims:The trajectories of cannabis use disorder (CUD) require more comprehensive delineation to expedite recognition of incubating dependence among high-risk users. This study examined baseline cannabis use and CUD over 12 months using DSM-IV/ICD10 diagnoses to distinguish transition groups. Design and Methods:In a prospective naturalistic design, 194 heterogeneous cannabis users (128 adolescents, 66 adults) aged 13-61 years were voluntarily recruited and assessed at baseline, and then re-assessed 12-months later.Results: Most participants met criteria for a baseline CUD (70% dependence, 20% abuse), 12 adolescents were 'diagnostic orphans', and 5 symptom-free. At follow-up, 25% adolescents reported using less, 6% the same level, and 69% using more cannabis. Significantly increased symptoms and dependence severity were reported, with no adolescent/adult differences evident. Three diagnostic transition groups were identified. While 84% adolescents (n=108) remained stable, 5% (n=7) had improved, 10% (n=13) had deteriorated. 'Deteriorators' scored significantly higher than 'improvers' on cannabis use, symptoms, and dependence severity measures. A subjective loss of control over cannabis use was among the earliest DSM-IV features among younger users on a trajectory towards dependence. Most participants (79%) anticipated difficulty trying to reduce/quit their use Discussion and Conclusions: Younger adolescents can rapidly develop cannabis dependence, reporting similar and equally severe symptoms as longer-term adult users. Impaired control over use occurs early in trajectories towards dependence. The seeming intractability of problematic cannabis use calls for concerted cannabis screening and early intervention (SEI) efforts at an earlier age to avert or reduce harmful consequences of cannabis use in the community.

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Substance use, abuse and dependence in adolescence: prevalence, symptom profiles and correlates

Cited by 298 publications

References 23 publications

Behavioral Predictors of Substance-Use Initiation in Adolescents With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Behavioral Predictors of Substance-Use Initiation in Adolescents With and Without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Association of candidate genes with antisocial drug dependence in adolescents

Cannabis Use and Disorder Transitions Among a Mixed Community Sample of At-Risk Adolescents and Adults: A Prospective New Zealand Study

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