Substance Use Among Gang Member Adolescents and Young Adults and Associations With Friends and Family Substance Use

Hoffman, Beth R.; Weathers, Nnenna; Sanders, Bill

doi:10.1111/jcap.12064

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Additionally 38% of participants reported their parent or guardian allowed adolescent alcohol or drug use, and 30% reported their parent or guardian used drugs in front them. In line with previous research (Hoffman, Weathers, & Sanders, 2014), parental substance use was positively associated with substance use among gang members, as well as increased delinquency, marijuana use, and drug distribution. Adolescents whose parents used drugs in front of them were not only more likely to use hard drugs, but were also more likely to report involvement in drug distribution.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Multiple Marginality and the Variation in Delinquency and Substance use Among Adolescent Gang Members

Quinn

Walsh

Dickson‐Gómez

2018

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background: Gang membership is a significant contributor to delinquency and violent victimization among adolescents. Yet, there is considerable variability in the extent to which gang members engage in delinquency and substance use, and previous research suggests factors beyond the individual level are important to consider. Objectives: Using the multiple marginality framework, this study examines the factors related to the family, school, and neighborhood contexts that may contribute to delinquency and substance use among current gang members. Methods: Between 2013 and 2015, we conducted quantitative surveys with 449 self-identified gang members between the ages of 14 and 19 years old in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Surveys included measures to assess delinquency, substance use, parental involvement, educational attainment, drug distribution, and police involvement. We ran simple and multiple regressions to assess the relationship between family, school, and neighborhood factors and delinquency and substance use. Results: Regression analyses revealed several significant predictors of delinquency and substance use among adolescent gang members including parental substance use and incarceration, school safety, police contact, and neighborhood disorder. Conclusions: Family and school factors are likely important protective factors against delinquency and substance use among gang members. Interventions at the family and community level may be particularly important in reducing poor health and social outcomes for adolescent gang members.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Multiple Marginality and the Variation in Delinquency and Substance use Among Adolescent Gang Members

Quinn

Walsh

Dickson‐Gómez

2018

Substance Use & Misuse

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“…For example, criminal-adult-dependent gangs were more involved in illegal activities. Drug abuse has been reported to be higher for gang youth compared to nongang youth including the use of substances such as alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and even more serious drugs such as heroin (Hoffman, Weathers, & Sanders, 2013;Mata, Valdez, Alvarado, Cepeda, & Cervantes, 2003;Moore, 1978Moore, , 1991Valdez, 2007). There is some support for gangs organized around the distribution of drugs (Hagedorn, 2015;Padilla, 1992;Valdez, 2007), whereas other studies have primarily focused on individuals within the gang utilizing drug networks to make more money but not necessarily to the benefit of the entire group (Brotherton, 1996;Durán, 2010).…”

Section: The Process and Proportion Of Youth Joining Gangs: Resistimentioning

confidence: 99%

Gangs, gangsters, and the impact of settler colonialism on the Latina/o experience

Durán¹,

Campos²

2019

Sociology Compass

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As the largest minority group in the United States, Latinas/os have experienced a long history of discrimination, prejudice, and stigmatization as gang members. A contemporary survey of law enforcement agencies reported that Latinos continue to be the largest proportion of any racial or ethnic group involved in gangs. To describe such a pattern, the framework of settler colonialism will be utilized to describe differential experiences based on race, gender, and how structural inequalities vary by region and time. Latinas/os have been particularly impacted by segregation, second‐class treatment, and policies considered racially neutral. Gangs provide a topical area for examining patterns of racialization and social control. The authors of this article will outline the research literature on gangs and how settler colonialism has impacted the Latina/o population regarding the origination of gangs, reasons for joining, behaviors and activities, and the process for leaving these groups. The authors emphasize decolonization strategies including reducing structural inequalities and thereby reducing gang membership and risky behaviors. Until this can be accomplished, the authors hope for human rights, labor equity, and religious organizing efforts that can form into social movements of collective empowerment and justice.

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“…Personal networks are related to individual self-care practices in young people (Hoffman et al, 2014;Littlecott et al, 2022). Self-care practices are the actions individuals use to maintain, monitor and manage personal health (Riegel et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Russian young people’s subjective health evaluations, self-care practices, and therapeutic networks

Mikhaylova

2024

Front. Psychol.

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This study investigates the relationship between young people’s subjective health evaluations, self-care practices, and therapeutic networks using semi-structured interviews and the computerized qualitative thematic analysis capabilities of the MAXQDA software. In the summer of 2022, 41 Russian youths, ages 16 to 25, took part in this investigation. The major findings demonstrate that young people who had low health evaluations were more likely to conduct self-care with the intention of enhancing their health and to have mothers and other medical experts in their therapeutic networks. Furthermore, individuals who claimed that their health was inadequate engaged in more sports and took care of themselves even when they were ill. There was no association between the objectives of self-care practices, members of the therapeutic network, and self-care activities in terms of the type of health evaluation. Overall, it is possible to suggest that the practices and the structure of therapeutic networks are related to self-evaluated health, but quantitative study is needed to verify the causal relationship.

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Substance Use Among Gang Member Adolescents and Young Adults and Associations With Friends and Family Substance Use

Abstract: Few associations emerged between substance use in participants and their friends/family. Possible explanations for these findings are presented.

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Multiple Marginality and the Variation in Delinquency and Substance use Among Adolescent Gang Members

Multiple Marginality and the Variation in Delinquency and Substance use Among Adolescent Gang Members

Gangs, gangsters, and the impact of settler colonialism on the Latina/o experience

Russian young people’s subjective health evaluations, self-care practices, and therapeutic networks

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