Substance use among inmates at the Eldoret prison in Western Kenya

Kinyanjui, Daniel; Atwoli, Lukoye

doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-53

Cited by 41 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Substance use in the past month (mostly cannabis or alcohol) has been reported by about 5% of detainees in Nigeria 88 and Kenya. 89 In a South African study 90 in which urine testing was done, either cannabis or methaqualone was detected among 45% of detainees at the time of police arrest. Although anecdotal reports describe the use of injection drugs in sub-Saharan African prisons, the frequency is unknown, but appears low.…”

Section: Tools Approaches and Structural Interventions To Preventiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although anecdotal reports describe the use of injection drugs in sub-Saharan African prisons, the frequency is unknown, but appears low. 89 Depressive and anxiety disorders have been reported in a large proportion of detainees in several studies. 91,92 Despite the probable burden of these comorbidities, we identified only one description of mental health activities (in Malawi) 93 and one drug harm-reduction programme (in Mauritius) in prisons.…”

Section: Tools Approaches and Structural Interventions To Preventiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2016

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Given the dual epidemics of HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa and evidence suggesting a disproportionate burden of these diseases among detainees in the region, we aimed to investigate the epidemiology of HIV and tuberculosis in prison populations, describe services available and challenges to service delivery, and identify priority areas for programmatically relevant research in sub-Saharan African prisons. To this end, we reviewed literature on HIV and tuberculosis in sub-Saharan African prisons published between 2011 and 2015, and identified data from only 24 of the 49 countries in the region. Where data were available, they were frequently of poor quality and rarely nationally representative. Prevalence of HIV infection ranged from 2.3% to 34.9%, and of tuberculosis from 0.4 to 16.3%; detainees nearly always had a higher prevalence of both diseases than did the non-incarcerated population in the same country. We identified barriers to prevention, treatment, and care services in published work and through five case studies of prison health policies and services in Zambia, South Africa, Malawi, Nigeria, and Benin. These barriers included severe financial and human-resource limitations and fragmented referral systems that prevent continuity of care when detainees cycle into and out of prison, or move between prisons. These challenges are set against the backdrop of weak health and criminal-justice systems, high rates of pre-trial detention, and overcrowding. A few examples of promising practices exist, including routine voluntary testing for HIV and screening for tuberculosis upon entry to South African and the largest Zambian prisons, reforms to pre-trial detention in South Africa, integration of mental health services into a health package in selected Malawian prisons, and task sharing to include detainees in care provision through peer-educator programmes in Rwanda, Zimbabwe, Zambia, and South Africa. However, substantial additional investments are required throughout sub-Saharan Africa to develop country-level policy guidance, build human-resource capacity, and strengthen prison health systems to ensure universal access to HIV and tuberculsosis prevention, treatment, and care of a standard that meets international goals and human rights obligations.

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Section: Tools Approaches and Structural Interventions To Preventiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tools Approaches and Structural Interventions To Preventiomentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2016

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“…In addition, alcohol use has been reported to be associated with intimate partner violence [10]. One of the reasons why people use substance is to increase their confidence to commit crime [11]. In support of this, one study found that 10% of homicide offenders claimed that the offense took place while they were under the influence of a substance [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the prevalence of substance use disorder (SUD) among prisoners before imprisonment was higher than both from use in prison and use in the general population, which may indicate association between crime and substance use. Studies in prisoners have shown that prevalence ranged from 50 to 88% for general substance use and 13 to 86% for AUD before imprisonment [11,12,16,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. A recent systematic review of about 24 studies from 10 different countries reported prevalence of AUD ranging from 16 to 51% among newly incarcerated male prisoners, with a pooled prevalence of 26% [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alcohol use disorder among prisoners in Debre Berhan prison, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Haile

Kebede

Limenhe

et al. 2020

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background: Several studies reported that history of alcohol use among prisoners is higher than the prevalence in the general population. Criminality is found to be associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) in previous studies. In Ethiopia, there is limited information on the prevalence and associated factors of AUD among prisoners. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of AUD among prisoners of Debre Berhan Prison. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess history of AUD among prisoners at Debre Berhan Prison, before imprisonment. We selected 347 prisoners with a systematic sampling technique and interviewed using Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) to screen for AUD in May 2017. Data entry was done using Epi-Data version 3.1 software, and bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using Stata version 13 software. Crude and adjusted odds ratios, with 95% confidence intervals and p-values are reported. Results: About six out of ten prisoners (59.1%) had AUD before imprisonment. Factors associated with increased odds of AUD were perception that the current offence is related to using substances (AOR = 4.2; 95% CI = 2.3, 7.8), and family history of substance use (AOR = 8.7; 95% CI = 1.7, 44.9). Being married had lower odds of AUD compared to the unmarried (AOR = 0.5; 95% CI = 0.2, 0.9). Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of AUD 1 year before imprisonment in this population is high. AUD is found to be associated with a family history of substance use and perception that the current offence is related to using a substance. We recommend community-based study with different kind of study designs to see the relationship between AUD and crime for planning interventions.

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