Substance use among runaway and homeless youth in three national samples.

Greene, Jody; Ennett, Susan T.; Ringwalt, Christopher L.

doi:10.2105/ajph.87.2.229

Cited by 239 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…4 Population-based studies have shown that homeless and marginally housed youth report exhibit significant behavioral health disparities compared to stably housed youth, including depression 7,8 and substance use. 7,9 Much of the disparities exhibited by youth experiencing homelessness have been attributed to past early and background negative life experiences. [10][11][12][13] Numerous studies using community-based samples of homeless youth have documented that sexual minority youth are more likely to experience homelessness, and homeless sexual minority youth report greater risk for mental health and substance abuse symptoms than homeless heterosexual youth, [14][15][16][17][18][19] yet few among these have assessed determinants that help explain the disparities between sexual minority youth and heterosexual youth experiencing homelessness.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

2014

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Sexual minority youth are more likely to experience homelessness, and homeless sexual minority youth report greater risk for mental health and substance abuse symptoms than homeless heterosexual youth, yet few studies have assessed determinants that help explain the disparities. Minority stress theory proposes that physical and mental health disparities among sexual minority populations may be explained by the stress produced by living in heterosexist social environments characterized by stigma and discrimination directed toward sexual minority persons. We used data from a sample of 200 young men who have sex with men (YMSM) (38 % African American, 26.5 % Latino/Hispanic, 23.5 % White, 12 % multiracial/other) to develop an exploratory path model measuring the effects of experience and internalization of sexual orientation stigma on depression and substance use via being kicked out of home due to sexual orientation and current homelessness. Direct significant paths were found from experience of sexual orientation-related stigma to internalization of sexual orientation-related stigma, having been kicked out of one's home, experiencing homelessness during the past year, and major depressive symptoms during the past week. Having been kicked out of one's home had a direct significant effect on experiencing homelessness during the past 12 months and on daily marijuana use. Internalization of sexual orientation-related stigma and experiencing homelessness during the past 12 months partially mediated the direct effect of experience of sexual orientation-related stigma on major depressive symptoms. Our empirical testing of the effects of minority stress on health of YMSM advances minority stress theory as a framework for investigating health disparities among this population.

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confidence: 99%

Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

2014

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“…Research shows that homeless young people participate in numerous substance use related behaviors including illicit drug and alcohol use (Koopman et al, 1994;Greene et al, 1997;Bailey et al, 1998;Kipke et al, 1998;Chen et al, 2004;Van Leeuwen et al, 2004), injecting drugs and/or needle sharing (Greene et al, 1997;Kral et al, 1997;Bailey et al, 1998;Kipke et al, 1998), selling drugs (Hagan and McCarthy, 1997;, and receiving treatment for substance abuse problems (Smart and Ogborne, 1994;.…”

Section: Substance Use Related Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, risky substance use related behaviors also vary by gender (Warheit and Biafora, 1991;Anderson et al, 1994;Greene et al, 1997;MacKellar et al, 2000), sexual orientation (Moon et al, 2000), age (Van Leeuwen et al, 2004), and the frequency with which youth run from home and/or spend time on the street (Ennett et al, 1999b;. The findings are mixed, however, in terms of which specific groups are higher or lower on the risk taking behaviors.…”

Section: Demographic Correlates Of Risky Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

Social network characteristics and risky sexual and drug related behaviors among homeless young adults

Tyler

2008

Social Science Research

120

108

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Although research finds high rates of risky sexual and drug related behavior among homeless young people, little research had examined how the characteristics of their social networks encourage or constrain risky behaviors. Based on a sample of 145 homeless young adults in the Midwestern United States, results revealed that having used alcohol with at least one of their network members and the presence of more conflict was associated with engaging in a greater number of sexual risk taking behaviors. Correlates of engaging in a greater number of substance use related behaviors included having older peers within the network, having used illicit drugs with at least one network member, and the presence of more conflict. The presence of a family member in one's network, however, was associated with fewer sexual and drug related risk behaviors. Overall, the social network characteristics of youth explained significant, additional variance beyond that of youth's own characteristics and their early family histories.

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“…Homeless young people have been defined as those between 12 and 24 years of age who have spent at least one night on the streets, in a public place (e.g., parks, under highway overpasses, abandoned buildings), or in a shelter (Greene & Ringwalt, 1997;Thompson, Safyer, & Pollio, 2001). The predominant focus of research with this youth population has been on the multitude and magnitude of their problems, including depression (Kennedy, 1991;Unger et al, 1998), anxiety (Kidd, 2004), suicide (Mallett, Rosenthal, Myers, Milburn, & Rotheram-Borus, 2004;Yoder, 1999), trauma (Thompson, 2005;Whitbeck & Simons, 1990), substance abuse (Lawrenson, 1997;Mallett et al, 2004;Thompson, 2004), school difficulties (Heinlein & Shinn, 2000), and legal problems (Mallett et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacity for Survival: Exploring Strengths of Homeless Street Youth

Bender

Thompson

McManus

et al. 2007

Child Youth Care Forum

187

189

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The majority of research on homeless youth has focused on the multitude of problems faced by this vulnerable population. The current study, while acknowledging the hazards of life on the streets, seeks to explore the personal strengths and informal resources street youth rely on to navigate their environments. Qualitative data from seven focus groups conducted with street youth ages 18-24 were analyzed using content analysis. These data, rich with interactions among youth participants, highlight three important themes: developing "street smarts," existence of personal strengths, and informal resources relied upon by youth to survive. Results provide valuable insights into the strengths of homeless youth that can be useful to providers in assessing street youths' service needs and increasing the likelihood of long-term positive outcomes.

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Substance use among runaway and homeless youth in three national samples.

Cited by 239 publications

References 12 publications

Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Modeling Minority Stress Effects on Homelessness and Health Disparities among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Social network characteristics and risky sexual and drug related behaviors among homeless young adults

Capacity for Survival: Exploring Strengths of Homeless Street Youth

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