Substance Use and Other Health Risk Behaviors in Collegiate Athletes

Kokotailo, Patricia K.; Henry, Brian; Koscik, Rebecca E.; Fleming, Michael F.; Landry, Gregory L.

doi:10.1097/00042752-199607000-00008

Cited by 63 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…The high profile of many of these retired professional athletes, and the concomitant financial benefits and emotional support they experience, seems to neither increase nor decrease the likelihood that an athlete will experience significant difficulties in retirement, although we could not make direct correlations with income or retirement assets. The prevalence of moderate to severe depressive symptoms as measured by the PHQ-9 is also roughly similar to that found in the general population (17), and seems to be higher than in younger, active athletic populations (10,16). The association of certain problems (e.g., trouble sleeping, use of prescription medications, drugs, or alcohol, and loss of fitness) with higher depression symptom scores is also typical for patients in the general population, as are associations with a wide range of comorbid medical conditions, including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and several neurological diseases (7).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…On retirement, athletes have reported jarring transitions to a life in which the focus of such intense commitment is unclear, the resources and personnel that organized and managed their lives away from the competition venue are lost, and the rewards, both emotional and financial, are diminished. Previous studies have assessed the risk of suicide in active college athletes (10), the risk of depression in college graduates who were previously varsity athletes (13), the association between concussion experienced during active professional football participation and the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment later in life (8), and analyses of case series of suicide in professional athletes (4) or injured athletes (20), but we know of no studies in which the prevalence and impact of depression and pain have been assessed in a more structured way among retired National Football League (NFL) players.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression and Pain in Retired Professional Football Players

Schwenk

Gorenflo²,

Dopp

et al. 2007

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

133

121

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Retired professional football players experience levels of depressive symptoms similar to those of the general population, but the impact of these symptoms is compounded by high levels of difficulty with pain. The combination of depression and pain is strongly predictive of significant difficulties with sleep, social relationships, financial difficulties, and problems with exercise and fitness. A hypothesis explaining this association is that significant musculoskeletal disability and chronic pain interferes with physical activity and fitness during retirement and increases the risk of depression.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Pain in Retired Professional Football Players

Schwenk

Gorenflo²,

Dopp

et al. 2007

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

133

121

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“…Many of these studies indicate heavier drinking in athletes compared to non-athlete peers (Dunn & Wang, 2003; Kokotailo, Henry, Koscik, Fleming, & Landry,1996; Leichliter, Meilman, Presley, & Cashin,1998; Nattiv & Puffer,1991; Wechsler, Dowdall, Davenport, & Rimm,1995), although some do not (Elder, Leaver-Dunn, Wang, Nagy, & Green, 2000; Overman & Terry, 1991). Mixed findings suggest that the relationship betweenphysical activity and alcohol consumption may differ as a function of physiological, neural, cultural, and/or personality factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impulsivity moderates the association between physical activity and alcohol consumption

Leasure

Neighbors

2014

Alcohol

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Mounting evidence indicates that physical activity and alcohol consumption are positively associated, but potential moderators of this relationship remain unclear. Both physical activity and alcohol drinking are potentially reinforcing and may be more strongly associated among individuals who tend to be higher in reward seeking and related processes governed by the prefrontal cortex. Thus, behaviors linked to the prefrontal cortex, such as impulsivity, may influence the association between physical activity and alcohol intake. The present study therefore evaluated dimensions of impulsivity as moderators of the association between physical activity and alcohol consumption. We surveyed 198 undergraduate students and obtained self-reports of their drinking habits, physical activity, and dimensions of impulsivity. We found that moderate but not vigorous physical activity was positively associated with drinking. Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate dimensions of impulsivity as moderators of the association between physical activity (vigorous or moderate) and drinks per week. Results revealed a consistent pattern of interactions between the positive urgency and sensation seeking dimensions of impulsivity and moderate physical activity on number of drinks per week. For both interactions, there was a significant positive association between moderate physical activity and drinking at higher but not lower levels of impulsivity. We conclude that impulsivity moderates the positive association between physical activity and alcohol consumption. These results have significant implications for the develop ment of prevention and treatment programs for alcohol use disorders.

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“…Injury or a failure to meet performance expectations may interrupt an athlete's social structure and disturb his or her own concept of identify and self-worth 10. Athletes are more likely to participate in risk-taking activities such as binge drinking, which is linked to suicidal impulsivity and depressive behaviour 11 12. A recent systematic review suggested higher rates of alcohol abuse and related violence in athletic populations compared to non-athlete populations 13.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%