Substance use and psychopathology in African American men at risk for HIV infection

Richardson, Mark A.; Myers, Héctor F.; Bing, Eric G.; Satz, Paul

doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6629(199707)25:4<353::aid-jcop4>3.0.co;2-v

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Specifically, qualitative urine toxicology (Roche Abuscreen) was used in conjunction with standard laboratory toxicology to test for the presence of amphetamines, barbiturates, cannabis, cocaine, opiates, and phencyclidine (PCP). In addition, a detailed structured interview to assess duration, recency, and chronicity of use of each of these substances was conducted (see Richardson et al, 1997, for a detailed description of these assessment measures).…”

Section: Measures and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1, cocaine, and neuropsychological performance in African American men

Durvasula

Myers

Satz

et al. 2000

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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The purpose of this study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of HIV-1 serostatus and cocaine on neuropsychological (NP) performance in a sample of 237 gay and bisexual urban-dwelling African American men. Consistent with current evidence, it was expected that the greatest neuropsychological performance deficits would be evident (1) in the symptomatic seropositives (SSPs), especially in domains affected by HIV (i.e., memory and psychomotor speed), and on tests that are sensitive to subtle slowing; (2) in those who are recent and frequent cocaine abusers; and (3) in those who are both HIV seropositive and cocaine abusers. Multivariate analyses controlling for age and alcohol use confirmed expectations, with symptomatic seropositives (SSPs) evidencing significantly poorer psychomotor speed than the seronegatives (SNs), and slower reaction time and poorer nonverbal memory than the asymptomatic seropositives (ASPs). Moderate to heavy recent cocaine use was associated with slower psychomotor speed. However, contrary to expectations, no interaction of serostatus and cocaine was noted for any NP domain, and the expected serostatus and cocaine effects on verbal memory and frontal systems were not obtained. Level of alcohol consumption exacerbated the detrimental effects of HIV-1 on a computerized reaction time test which is especially sensitive to subtle slowing. This study provides one of the first descriptions of the neuropsychological effects of HIV–AIDS in a noninjection drug-using community sample of gay and bisexual African American men. (JINS, 2000, 6, 322–335.)

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Section: Measures and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1, cocaine, and neuropsychological performance in African American men

Durvasula

Myers

Satz

et al. 2000

J Int Neuropsychol Soc

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“…Prior research has examined clinically significant depressive symptoms among Black MSM (Cochran and Mays 1994; Peterson et al 1996; Richardosn et al 1997). Rates of depression among Black MSM have been shown to be as high as 33% (Cochran and Mays 1994; Peterson et al 1996) and elevated compared to heterosexual Black men and other MSM (Richardosn et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rates of depression among Black MSM have been shown to be as high as 33% (Cochran and Mays 1994; Peterson et al 1996) and elevated compared to heterosexual Black men and other MSM (Richardosn et al 1997). More recently, empirical studies have begun to explore the relationship between depression and sexual risk in Black MSM (Crawford et al 2002; Myers et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinically Significant Depressive Symptoms as a Risk Factor for HIV Infection Among Black MSM in Massachusetts

et al. 2009

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High rates of depression have been observed among men who have sex with men (MSM) relative to the general adult male population; however, a dearth of research has explored depression among Black MSM. Black MSM (n = 197) recruited via modified respondent-driven sampling between January and July 2008 completed an interviewer-administered quantitative assessment and voluntary HIV counseling and testing. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression procedures examined the associations of demographics, behavioral HIV risk factors, and psychosocial variables with depressive symptoms by severity, using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Adjusting for demographic and behavioral variables, significant factors associated with (1) clinically significant depressive symptoms (33%; CES-D score ≥ 16): being publicly insured by Medicaid, having serodiscordant anal sex with a casual male partner, and being diagnosed with an STD in the prior 12 months; (2) moderate depressive symptoms (19%; CES-D score 16–26): having serodiscordant unprotected anal sex with a casual male partner and being diagnosed with an STD in the prior 12 months; (3) severe depressive symptoms (14%; CES-D score 27+): being publicly insured by Medicaid and reporting difficulty accessing healthcare in the past 12 months. Moderately depressed Black MSM may be more likely to engage in behaviors that place them at increased risk for HIV and other STDs. HIV prevention interventions for Black MSM may benefit from incorporating screening and/or treatment for depression, allowing MSM who are depressed to respond more effectively to behavioral change approaches.

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“…A quantitative study comparing MSM who tested late for HIV with those who did not test late found that being Black and homelessness, disclosing male-male sex to 50% or less of people in social circle, having 1 sexual partner versus more than 1 sexual partner in the past 6 months (Nelson et al, 2010), and experiencing multiple life stressors (Nelson et al, 2014) were associated with delayed HIV testing and diagnosis. Further, Black MSM experience more homelessness (Sullivan et al, 2014) and higher rates of depression than White MSM (Richardson et al, 1997), may be less likely to disclose their MSM status to others (Gates, 2010) and may have or perceive less social support (Stokes, Vanable & McKirnan, 1996). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/ethnic disparities in delayed HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men, Florida, 2000–2014

et al. 2016

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Only about 85% of men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV have been tested for and diagnosed with HIV. Racial/ethnic disparities in HIV risk and HIV care outcomes exist within MSM. We examined racial/ethnic disparities in delayed HIV diagnosis MSM. Males aged ≥13 reported to the Florida Enhanced HIV/AIDS Reporting System 2000–2014 with a reported HIV transmission mode of MSM were analyzed. We defined delayed HIV diagnosis as an AIDS diagnosis within three months of the HIV diagnosis. Multilevel logistic regressions were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Of 39,301 MSM, 27% were diagnosed late. After controlling for individual factors, neighborhood socioeconomic status, and rural-urban residence, non-Latino Black MSM had higher odds of delayed diagnosis compared with non-Latino White MSM (aOR 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.23). Foreign birth compared with US birth was a risk factor for Black MSM (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.12–1.44), but a protective factor for White MSM (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.68–0.87). Rural residence was a risk for Black MSM (aOR 1.79, 95% CI 1.36–2.35) and Latino MSM (aOR 1.87, 95% CI 1.24–2.84), but not for White MSM (aOR 1.26, 95% CI 0.99–1.60). HIV testing barriers particularly affect non-Latino Black MSM. Social and/or structural barriers to testing in rural communities may be significantly contributing to delayed HIV diagnosis among minority MSM.

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Substance use and psychopathology in African American men at risk for HIV infection

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

HIV-1, cocaine, and neuropsychological performance in African American men

HIV-1, cocaine, and neuropsychological performance in African American men

Clinically Significant Depressive Symptoms as a Risk Factor for HIV Infection Among Black MSM in Massachusetts

Racial/ethnic disparities in delayed HIV diagnosis among men who have sex with men, Florida, 2000–2014

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