Substance use disorders in the DSM-IV.

Abstract

as members. A guiding principle in this group's deliberations continues to be the awareness, shared with other DSM-IV work groups, of the disruptive impact of frequent changes in the nomenclature on clinical practice and research. As a consequence, we resolved early on to recommend changes in operational criteria only if data suggested strongly that modification in the existing revised DSM-III (DSM-111-R: American Psychiatric Association, 1987) criteria would yield substantial benefits.The work group has spent more of its time considering alternative concepts and definitions of substance abuse and dependence and their im-Reprinted from the J o u d of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 356-361.

A Preliminary trial of twelve-step facilitation and acceptance and commitment therapy with polysubstance-abusing methadone-maintained opiate addicts

“…Substance abuse seems to be frequently motivated by an attempt to regulate negative private experiences (e.g., Shoal & Giancola, 2001)-indeed, the subjective effectiveness of its utility in that regard predicts relapse (Litman, Stapleton, Oppenheim, Peleg, & Jackson, 1984). Even if substance abuse was initially motivated by other factors, however, as it evolves a variety of drug-related responses emerge (e.g., cravings; withdrawal symptoms) that themselves become the target of experiential avoidance and subsequent drug use (e.g., Nathan, 1997;Toneatto, 1999). Over time, these sources of influence begin to combine and negative affect or cognitions begin to trigger drug-related responses that are then regulated by drug use (Childress et al, 1994).…”

Assessment of the Effect of Cannabis sativa and Nicotiana tobacumLeaves on some Haematological and Liver Function Indices of Albino Rats.

“…Scientists have identified (66) sixty six biologically active ingredients called cannabinoid, in marijuana. The most potent of these is thought to be the chemical delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, although other active substances are being tested [7].…”