Substance use during and after pregnancy among a national cohort of pregnant women in opioid maintenance treatment and their partners

Lund, Ingunn Olea; Sarfi, Monica; Bakstad, Brittelise; Welle-Strand, Gabrielle; Ravndal, Edle

doi:10.3109/14659891.2011.580415

Cited by 16 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 156 publications

(229 reference statements)

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“…First trimester Second trimester Third trimester 8 (15) 22 (42) 22 (42) 28 (37) 27 (36) 21 (28) 0.025* (23) 23 (44) 13 (25) 4 (8) 12 (16) 25 (33) 29 (38) 10 (13) 0. pregnant women in treatment in Norway were also in OMT at the time (Lund et al, 2012). Most of the women with children in our study (83%) had children placed in child protection services.…”

Section: Stage Of Gestation At Admissionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Patterns of polydrug use among pregnant substance abusers

Reitan

2017

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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Aim: Studies of drug use during pregnancy have generally focused on individual substances or specific combinations of drugs. The aim of this article is to increase our knowledge about polydrug use and pregnancy in a Nordic context by describing the sociodemographic characteristics of a clinical population of pregnant women with severe substance use, examining the scope and type of polydrug use and analysing factors associated with concurrent use of many, as opposed to a few, drugs. Method: A cross-sectional study of pregnant women on admission to compulsory care for substance abuse in Sweden between 2000 and 2009 (n ¼ 119 women, representing 128 pregnancies). Data were retrieved from administrative registers and client records. Univariate links between demographic, social, obstetrical, treatment history variables and polydrug use were examined. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse the association between explanatory variables and polydrug use. Results: The average number of drugs being used concurrently was 2.65, and injection drug use was recorded in 73% of the pregnancies. Opiates and amphetamines were the most common primary drugs, followed by alcohol. The likelihood of polydrug use increased with first trimester pregnancy, planned (as opposed to emergency) committals, as well as the combination of partner substance abuse and injection drug use. Conclusions: Polydrug use was widespread among pregnant substance abusers. Policies, interventions and research often focus on individual drugs separately, but for clinical populations in particular there is a need to address drug use broadly, including a systematic recording of smoking habits. This also entails awarding more attention to those not eligible for established interventions, such as opiate maintenance treatment, and giving more consideration to a variety of life circumstances, such as partner drug use.

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Section: Stage Of Gestation At Admissionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Patterns of polydrug use among pregnant substance abusers

Reitan

2017

Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs

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“…This study is one of several based on the cohort Konijnenberg & Melinder, 2015;Lund et al, 2012;Melinder et al, 2013;Sarfi, Smith, Waal, & Sundet, 2011;Sarfi et al, 2013). While not all mothers participated in interviews at the 4-year follow up, this is not likely to affect the representativeness of the sample, as described in a previous study on the cohort (Lund et al, 2014).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The women had been in OMT on average two and half year before they became pregnant with the child followed in this study. The cohort is described in greater detail elsewhere (Bakstad et al, 2009;Lund, Brendryen, & Ravndal, 2014;Lund et al, 2012). Demographic and birth characteristics are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural outcomes of four-year-old children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine: a test of three risk models

Konijnenberg

Lund

Melinder

2015

Early Child Development and Care

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It is still under debate whether the reported effects of opioid maintenance therapy (OMT) on child behavior are a direct effect of prenatal exposure, or whether other factors are involved. This prospective cohort study investigated three models; the teratogenic risk model, the maternal risk model, and a combined risk model in a group of 35 children (M = 52.20 months, SD = 1.69) prenatally exposed to OMT. Results revealed support for the maternal risk model and the combined model, with the combined model predicting child internalizing and externalizing behavior problems the best (R 2 = .65, p = .008 and R 2 = .74, p = .003, respectively). Findings suggest that behavior problems in children of women in OMT may not be a direct exposure effect. This underscores the importance of taking into consideration multiple factors when studying the effects of prenatal OMT exposure on child behavior.

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“…While pregnant women who use illicit drugs or receive OMT often belongs to low-income families, they are not necessarily homeless or experience the same degree of poverty as many drug users in the US. With regards to OMT in Norway, opioid dependent women have typically been in OMT for about two years prior to becoming pregnant, they stay in treatment for a long time and the use of illicit substances and alcohol during pregnancy is low (10,23). These factors distinguish the pregnant women in OMT in Norway from women in previous studies.…”

Section: Possibilities With Observational Studies Using Registry Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors distinguish the pregnant women in OMT in Norway from women in previous studies. On the other hand, women are similar with regard to frequency and extent of smoking during pregnancy and the substantial somatic and psychological problems (19,23).…”

Section: Possibilities With Observational Studies Using Registry Linkmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unique Opportunity to Study Short- and Long-Term Consequences in Children Prenatally Exposed to Illicit Drugs and Opioid Maintenance Treatment Using Czech and Scandinavian Registers

Gabrhelík¹,

Nechanská²,

Mravčík³

et al. 2016

Cent Eur J Public Health

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SUMMARYLicit and illicit drug use in pregnant women constitutes a long lasting and serious problem worldwide. Information on long-term effects of maternal drug use on the child is limited. Nationwide registers provide a great potential to study short-and long-term consequences for children exposed to licit and illicit drugs during pregnancy. We discuss this potential, with a special emphasis on exposure to methamphetamine, heroin and prescription drugs used for opioid maintenance treatment (OMT). We also discuss the advantages of analysis using register data and of merging such data from different regions. The Czech and Scandinavian registers are largely comparable and provide great opportunities to conduct innovative research. For instance, using Czech and Scandinavian cohorts we can compare groups with similar characteristics, such as mothers in OMT and mothers addicted to other drugs while also controlling for important confounding factors such as health and socioeconomic status.

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Substance use during and after pregnancy among a national cohort of pregnant women in opioid maintenance treatment and their partners

Cited by 16 publications

References 156 publications

Patterns of polydrug use among pregnant substance abusers

Patterns of polydrug use among pregnant substance abusers

Behavioural outcomes of four-year-old children prenatally exposed to methadone or buprenorphine: a test of three risk models

A Unique Opportunity to Study Short- and Long-Term Consequences in Children Prenatally Exposed to Illicit Drugs and Opioid Maintenance Treatment Using Czech and Scandinavian Registers

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