Substance use in women: Current status and future directions

Lal, Rakesh; Deb, Koushik Sinha; Kedia, Swati

doi:10.4103/0019-5545.161491

Cited by 73 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Although exact data on the number of women in residential treatment for MA are not available, recent Australian figures show an increase in females in their 30s and 40s , consistent with the average age in this study. While it is not clear why there are increasing numbers of parents in treatment over time, some contributing factors include an increase in women using substances, increased ease of access to substances and greater dependency in the availability and purity of MA .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The residential status of children whose parents are in treatment for methamphetamine use

Robinson

Kelly

Deane

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Review

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Introduction and Aims. Methamphetamine (MA) use has increased markedly over the past decade, during which time there has been an increase in children in out of home care. This study explores whether MA use in parents attending residential treatment services for substance use issues is associated with higher proportions of children living out of the home. Design and Methods. Data were collected from individuals attending residential treatment centres provided by the Australian Salvation Army between 2009 and 2016. Centres provide residential alcohol and other substance use treatment in a modified therapeutic community. Trained staff administered sections of the Addiction Severity Index measuring substance use, legal and parenting status, and the Mental Health Screening Form-III at intake. Data were limited to those who had at least one child under 18 years; final sample size was 2964. Results. Of the 2964 parents, 36.3% nominated MAs use as a primary or secondary substance of use. Between 2011 and 2016, a significantly greater proportion of parents using MAs (86.1%), had at least one child not living at home compared to those using other substances (81.3%; χ 2 =7.95, P = 0.005). The proportion of female parents increased significantly 14.7% (2009) to 37.9% (2016; χ 2 = 51.54, P < 0.001). Also, more males (83.7%) than females (79.6%) had a child living out of home (χ 2 = 11.23, P = 0.01). Discussion and Conclusions. Given that MA use can result in increased risks of violence and neglect the increase in parents using the substance is concerning. The growing number of mothers in treatment warrants further investigation, particularly as women face inherent difficulties in seeking treatment with dependent children. [Robinson LD, Kelly PJ, Deane FP, Townsend ML. The residential status of children whose parents are in treatment for methamphetamine use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2019;38: [359][360][361][362][363][364][365]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The residential status of children whose parents are in treatment for methamphetamine use

Robinson

Kelly

Deane

et al. 2019

Drug and Alcohol Review

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“…In addition, the age categories we used may have masked potential trends within each category. Although the small number of female PWID recruited in the North/Central region reflects the epidemiology of injection drug use among women in India , we were limited by these low numbers in evaluating age‐specific differences in risk behaviours. The low number of incident infections in the Northeast also restricted our power to examine age‐specific differences in incidence.…”

Section: Limitations and Strengthsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young people who inject drugs in India have high HIV incidence and behavioural risk: a cross‐sectional study

et al. 2019

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Introduction There are limited data on young people who inject drugs ( PWID ) from low‐ and middle‐income countries where injection drug use remains a key driver of new HIV infections. India has a diverse injection drug use epidemic and estimates suggest that at least half of PWID are ≤30 years of age. We compared injection and sexual risk behaviours and HIV incidence between younger and older PWID and characterized uptake of HIV testing and harm reduction services to inform targeted HIV prevention efforts. Methods We analysed cross‐sectional data from 14,381 PWID recruited from cities in the Northeast and North/Central regions of India in 2013 using respondent driven sampling ( RDS ). We compared “emerging‐adult” (18 to 24 years, 26% of sample) and “young‐adult” PWID (25 to 30 years, 30% of sample) to older PWID (>30 years, 44% of sample) using logistic regression to evaluate factors associated with three recent risk behaviours: needle‐sharing, multiple sexual partners and unprotected sex. We estimated age‐stratified cross‐sectional HIV incidence using a validated multi‐assay algorithm. Results Compared to older adults, emerging‐adults in the Northeastern states were significantly more likely to share needles (males adjusted odds ratio [ aOR ] 1.82; females aOR 2.29, p < 0.01), have multiple sexual partners (males aOR 1.56; females aOR 3.75, p < 0.01), and engage in unprotected sex (males aOR 2.29, p < 0.01). In the North/Central states, young‐adult males were significantly more likely to needle‐share ( aOR 1.23, p < 0.05) while emerging‐adult males were significantly more likely to have multiple sexual partners ( aOR 1.74, p < 0.05). In both regions, emerging‐adults had the lowest HIV testing. Participation in harm reduction services was low across all age groups. Annual HIV incidence was higher in emerging‐ and young‐adult PWID in the North/Central region: emerging‐adults: 4.3% (95% confidence interval [ CI ] 3.0, 5.6); young‐adults: 4.9% (95% CI 3.7, 6.2); older adults: 2.1% (95% CI 1.4, 2.8). Conclusions Higher HIV incidence an...

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“…This study had some shortcomings. A first limitation was that the study only included men in their earlies twenties and substance use behaviors are distinct for women (47). Data among women and older adults are needed to confirm our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Does level of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder symptoms predicts poor transition into adulthood?

Baggio

Studer

Fructuoso

et al. 2018

Int J Public Health

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Substance use in women: Current status and future directions

Cited by 73 publications

References 121 publications

The residential status of children whose parents are in treatment for methamphetamine use

The residential status of children whose parents are in treatment for methamphetamine use

Young people who inject drugs in India have high HIV incidence and behavioural risk: a cross‐sectional study

Does level of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder symptoms predicts poor transition into adulthood?

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