Substandard and Semi-Dwarfing Citrus Rootstocks for More Intensive, Higher-Density, and Sustainable Plantation Systems

Abstract

An increasing number of intensive, dense, and sustainable citrus plantations have fostered a growing interest in addressing the future challenges of citrus crops: An increase in the world’s population, climate change, and globalization. Nutrient efficiency and the absence of vigorous citrus rootstocks are required for the success of these plantation systems. The agronomic performances of the “Lane Late” orange cultivar on three substandard or semi-dwarfing citrus rootstocks (Forner-Alcaide no.5 (FA5), Forner-Alcaide no.13 (FA13), and Forner-Alcaide no.41 (FA41)) were evaluated in Spain in comparison with more traditional Mediterranean citrus rootstocks (Carrizo citrange (CA), Citrus macrophylla (MP), and ‘Cleopatra’ mandarin (CL)) under a poor mineral fertilization program over six growing seasons. FA13 and FA41 induced the smallest ‘Lane Late’ trees. Although the rootstock did not induce a significant effect on the ‘Lane Late’ yield efficiency (kg m−3), the highest values were recorded for ‘Lane Late’ on MP, CL and FA13. In this sense, FA13 showed a high productive potential (kg ha−1), given the possibility of narrowing the tree spacing (smaller tree size). Regarding the use of soil nutrients, FA13 was the most efficient citrus rootstock. Thus, FA13 stands out as the most suitable citrus rootstock for more intensive and sustainable plantation systems of the ‘Lane Late’ orange under Mediterranean conditions similar to those of this study.

The Effect of Organic Fertilization on Leaf Mineral Content of Three Citrus Species

“…As it is noted in the above-mentioned results, lemon trees grafted on Citrus aurantium were the most responsive to organic fertilization and the accumulation of most of the macro and micro elements, followed by orange trees grafted on the same rootstock, while it was noted that mandarin trees grafted on Citrus aurantium were the least responsive among the three types, and this may be due to the effect of the rootstock [14]. The results agree with [15] in the effect of the rootstock on the efficiency of the use of elements in lemon seedlings grafted on different citrus roots, and with [16], In the difference rootstock effect on the leaf mineral content, as they indicated a significant Fe accumulation increase in orange leaves than in lemon, this was attributed to the rootstock affect.…”

Rootstocks for citrus crops (Literary review)

“…Сегодня выведение подвоев цитрусовых продолжается с упором на многие характеристики, но особенно на создание подвоев, которые уменьшают размер дерева, что является хозяйственно-ценным признаком для создания интенсивных садов с высокой плотностью насаждений. В результате традиционной гибридизации создано ряд отдалённых низкорослых подвоев -Forner-Alcaide 5 (FA 5) и Forner-Alcaide 13 (FA 13) 'Forner-Alcaide 517' ('King' мандарин × P. trifoliata) и 'Forner-Alcaide 418' (цитран 'troyer' × Citrus reticulata) [26], однако, подвои не оказали значительного влияния на урожайность [28]. Выведены со сдержанным ростом гибриды мандарина с C. trifoliata, такие как uS 897 и uS 812, используются в СшА, Аргентине, Бразилии и Испании [27].…”

The Combination of Citrus Rootstock and Scion Cultivar Influences Trioza erytreae (Hemiptera: Triozidae) Survival, Preference Choice and Oviposition

“…[40][41][42]. Both are also tolerant to salinity and have a better response to limestone [43]. Although Citrus macrophylla Wester is another widely used citrus rootstock, it is susceptible to root asphyxia and T. semipenetrans [43].…”