Substitution effect of fish meal with meat meal in diet on growth performance, feed consumption, feed utilization, chemical composition, hematology, and innate immune responses of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli)

Fish Meal Substitution Effects with the Combined Animal Proteins in the Feeds of Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) on Growth Performance, Feed Availability, and Disease Resistance against Streptococcus iniae

“…No differences in the serum lysozyme activity and SOD of olive flounder were found in this experiment, suggesting that complete (100%) FM replacement with CMC did not influence serum lysozyme activity and SOD. Likewise, SOD and lysozyme activity of olive flounder [14,23] and rockfish [16] were not affected by dietary FM substitution with MM. Unlike this study, however, dietary FM substitution with various animal and/or plant sources influenced the SOD and/or lysozyme activity of fish [32,57], and lower lysozyme activity and SOD were obtained in red sea bream and olive flounder, achieving inferior growth.…”

“…Low ∑n−3 HUFA content in the CMC80 and CMC100 diets resulted from lower fish oil to formulate isolipidic diets and lower ∑n−3 HUFA content in CMC compared to FM. Fish oil is rich in n−3 HUFA, including EPA and DHA [55,56], while MM [16,23] and CBM [57] have lower EPA and DHA than FM.…”

“…Over the last decades, animal by-products have been extensively utilized as substitutes for FM in the feeds of several fish, including olive flounder [14], hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × E. lanceolatus) [15], and rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) [16], because not only do they usually contain high protein and good EAA, but they are also available year-round and less expensive than FM [6,17]. Since about 50% of animal by-products are generated during the slaughter process [18] and more than 100 million MT are produced annually [19], they can be regarded as important replacers for FM in fish feeds in the future.…”

“…MM had superior or comparable digestibility to FM in feeds for carnivorous species, such as rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [21] and rockfish [22], indicating MM has high potential as a FM replacer in fish feeds. MM can replace FM up to 80% (44% FM protein in the diet) in the 55% FM-based feed without compromising growth performance and proximate composition of the whole-body rockfish when rockfish were fed with a 55% FM-based diet or one of the diets replacing 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100% FM with MM (68.2% crude protein) without AA supplementation [16]. In particular, analyzing proximate composition of the whole-body fish is a way to assess whether the fish attains the right nutrients to estimate survival and normal growth.…”

Evaluation of Fermented Soybean Meal to Replace a Portion Fish Meal on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and mTOR Signaling Pathway of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

“…As a result of its high protein and fat content, fish meals (FMs) are frequently used in diets of carnivorous fish [ 1 ]. More than 70% of global aquaculture production depends on FM, and diets containing higher levels of FM lead to better fish growth and food conversion rate [ 2 ]. In recent decades, the excessive development of fish wild populations has limited the availability and price of FM, a major protein source in aquaculture feedstuff [ 3 ].…”