Substitution of dietary ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for saturated fatty acids decreases LDL apolipoprotein B-100 production rate in men with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial

Drouin‐Chartier, Jean‐Philippe; Tremblay, André; Lépine, Marie-Claude; Lemelin, Valéry; Lamarche, Benoı̂t; Couture, Patrick

doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqx013

Cited by 31 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The expression of the housekeeping gene glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (G6PD) was used as a reference. The intestinal expressions of ACS1 and SAR1B were quantified in n ϭ 95 and n ϭ 84 subjects, respectively, whereas the expressions of SREBP1c, FATP4, FABP2, ACS1, DGAT1, DGAT2, The validity of the intestinal gene expression model used in the present study was demonstrated in previous studies by the interrelationship of the expression of coregulated genes (5,9,10,39,41,42). The validity of the intestinal gene expression model is also supported by positive associations between the expression of the gene and the mass of the protein in biopsy samples, as previously reported (5,42).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 56%

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Differential associations between plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism

Drouin‐Chartier

Tremblay

Lemelin

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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The mechanisms underlying the oversecretion of apolipoprotein (apo)B-48-containing triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRL) in insulin-resistance (IR) states in humans remain to be fully understood. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between the plasma levels of insulin and glucose and the intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism in a large sample of nondiabetic men displaying various degrees of IR. Duodenal biopsies were obtained by gastroduodenoscopy in 127 men free of intestinal disease. Gene expression was measured using quantitative PCR in duodenal samples. Plasma insulin and glucose concentrations were measured in the fasting state. Postprandial TRL apoB-48 kinetics were measured using a primed-constant infusion of l-[5,5,5-D]leucine for 12 h in a subgroup of 75 subjects maintained in a constant fed state. Plasma insulin levels were negatively associated with intestinal expression of ACS1 (standard β = -0.20, P = 0.007), DGAT1 (β = -0.18, P = 0.001), DGAT2 (β = -0.20, P = 0.02), and MTP (β = -0.27, P = 0.0005), whereas glucose levels were positively associated with MTP expression (β = 0.15, P = 0.04) independent of age, BMI, waist circumference, dietary intake, and duodenal expression of SREBP1c. Insulin levels, but not glucose concentrations, were positively correlated with postprandial TRL apoB-48 production rate ( r = 0.24, P = 0.04) and pool size ( r = 0.27, P = 0.03). In conclusion, plasma insulin and glucose levels are differentially associated with the expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism. These results suggest that alterations in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism associated with IR may be regulated by plasma levels of both insulin and glucose concurrently and are therefore likely modified by the onset of insulin insufficiency. NEW & NOTEWORTHY We demonstrate that plasma insulin and glucose levels are differentially associated with the expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism in men. For instance, intestinal expression of MTP is negatively associated with plasma insulin concentrations and positively associated with plasma glucose concentrations. Alterations in intestinal lipoprotein metabolism associated with insulin resistance may be regulated by plasma levels of both insulin and glucose concurrently and are therefore likely modified by the onset of insulin insufficiency.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…The present study is a cross-sectional analysis of data from 127 male subjects who participated in intestinal gene expression studies in our laboratory (5,9,10,39,41,42). These studies were approved by the Laval University Ethical Review Committee, and written consent was obtained from all subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential associations between plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism

Drouin‐Chartier

Tremblay

Lemelin

et al. 2018

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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“…This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from male subjects who participated in in vivo tracer kinetic studies in our laboratory (22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). Only data from subjects who were either on no particular treatment (22,28), a control diet (26,27,29), or on a placebo (23)(24)(25)30) in the previous studies were used for the present analyses. These studies were approved by the Laval University Ethical Review Committee, and written consent was obtained from all subjects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma PCSK9 correlates with apoB-48-containing triglyceride-rich lipoprotein production in men with insulin resistance

Drouin‐Chartier

Tremblay

Hogue

et al. 2018

Journal of Lipid Research

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Intestinal triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) are important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in insulin resistance (IR). We investigated the association of plasma proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) concentrations with apoB-48-containing TRL metabolism in 148 men displaying various degrees of IR by measuring in vivo kinetics of TRL apoB-48 during a constant-fed state after a primed-constant infusion of L-[5,5,5-D3]leucine. Plasma PCSK9 concentrations positively correlated with TRL apoB-48 pool size ( = 0.31, = 0.0002) and production rate ( = 0.24, = 0.008) but not the fractional catabolic rate ( = -0.04, = 0.6). Backward stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified PCSK9 concentrations as a positive predictor of TRL apoB-48 production rate (standard β = +0.20, = 0.007) independent of BMI, age, T2D/metformin use, dietary fat intake during the kinetic study, and fasting concentrations of TGs, insulin, glucose, LDL cholesterol, or C-reactive protein. We also assessed intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron processing from duodenal samples of 71 men. Expression of and genes was positively associated ( = 0.43, = 0.002). These results support PCSK9 association with intestinal secretion and plasma overaccumulation of TRL apoB-48 in men with IR.

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“…31 A diet rich in omega-6 fatty acids is associated with a decrease in HDL-C and LDL-C production. 32 These fatty acids are more susceptible to oxidation and are therefore more atherogenic than oleic acid. In consequence, it is recommended that the diet of hypercholesterolemic children should include only a moderate amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (7-10% of total energy), mainly in the form of vegetable oils, such as corn and sunflower seed oils.…”

Section: Intake Of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition for Hypercholesterolemic Children

Martín-Martínez

López-Liñán

2018

JCS

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In the diet of hypercholesterolemic children, 10 to 18% of the total calorie intake should be protein, 50 to 60% carbohydrates, and 30% lipids, of which less than 10% should be saturated fatty acids, between 7 and 10% should be polyunsaturated fatty acids, and 10 to 20% should be monounsaturated fatty acids. Cholesterol intake should not exceed 300 mg/dL, and an adequate fiber intake of 8 to 28 g/day, according to the child's age, should be ensured. If a child is obese or overweight, the aim of the initial treatment should be to normalize weight through improved lifestyle habits, dietary recommendations, and increased physical activity. The healthy diet for cardiovascular disease prevention is similar to that advised for a healthy pediatric population: (1) reduced total fat intake, such as through eating less red meat and sausages and choosing skimmed milk, butter, skimmed-milk cheese, lean meat, skinless chicken, and rabbit, cooked using simple cooking processes; (2) increased intake of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated oils, such as fish oil and olive oil; (3) reduced cholesterol intake, such as through the reduced consumption of eggs, viscera, and industrial bakery products; and (4) higher intake of fish and complex carbohydrates, such as pasta, pulses, and whole-grain bread. In addition, fruits and vegetables should be recommended for their fiber, vitamins, minerals, and trace elements. The recommended culinary preparation is to grill, steam, or bake food and to avoid frying, especially with butter or animal fat, and to give preference to oils based on monounsaturated fats, such as olive and sunflower oil.

show abstract

Substitution of dietary ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids for saturated fatty acids decreases LDL apolipoprotein B-100 production rate in men with dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance: a randomized controlled trial

Cited by 31 publications

References 57 publications

Differential associations between plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism

Differential associations between plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose and intestinal expression of key genes involved in chylomicron metabolism

Plasma PCSK9 correlates with apoB-48-containing triglyceride-rich lipoprotein production in men with insulin resistance

Nutrition for Hypercholesterolemic Children

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