Substitution of dry Leucaena leucocephala (DLL) leaves for cotton seed cake (CSC) as a protein supplement to urea treated maize stover fed to dairy weaner goats

Ndemanisho, E. E.; Mtenga, L.A.; Kimbi, E.F.C.; Kimambo, A.E.; Mtengeti, E. J.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8401(98)00139-4

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…LLM supplement diet had higher nutritive potential, especially CP (181 g kg À1 DM) ( Table 2), compared to the standing hay basal forages that demonstrates its suitability as a protein supplement. High CP content (203-340 g kg À1 DM) in L. leucocephala has been reported elsewhere (Karachi 1998;Ndemanisho et al 1998). …”

Section: Chemical Compositions Of Dry Season Conserved Forages and Trsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…L. leucocephala contains low levels of mimosine (Norton 1994) and low tannin antinutritive factors (McNeill et al 1998). Although L. leucocephala has been widely reported on in the literature in Tanzania (Karachi 1998;Ndemanisho et al 1998) and elsewhere in the tropics (Jones 1994), information on its utilisation as a resource feed under the traditional grazing management systems in many parts of the tropics including Tanzania is still lacking. Data from controlled grazing experiments show high variations in weight gains due to quality and quantity of basal forages, levels and form in which Leucaena is fed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance of Zebu Steers Grazing on Western Tanzania Native Forages Supplemented with Leucaena Leucocephala Leaf Meal

Rubanza

Shem

Otsyina³

et al. 2005

Agroforest Syst

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Information is lacking on the potential of leguminous fodder trees such as Leucaena leucocephala as a feed resource to supplement the native forages in traditional grazing management systems in the tropics. Two studies were conducted (1) to assess traditional fodder banks' forage nutritive potential on animal production, and (2) to investigate the effect of Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal (LLM) supplementation on growth of steers grazing standing hay basal forages in the dry season. The traditional forages had low nutritive values indicated by low mean crude protein (CP) of 23 g kg À1 dry matter (DM), and high fibre contents of 717, 546 and 153 g kg À1 DM for neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL), respectively. The forages were poorly degraded in sacco and had low metabolisable energy (ME) (4.2-4.6 MJ kg À1 DM). Mean washing losses A, slowly degradable DM fraction, B, potential degradability, (A+B) and mean 48 h DM degradability (DMD) of grazing land forages were 70, 471, 541 and 326 g kg À1 DM, respectively. In the supplementation study, 16 growing steers (160.8±0.24 kg) were randomly allocated into four groups, in a completely randomized design. Four LLM treatment diets (T1, T2, T3 and T4), with four levels: 0, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 kg DM for control, low, medium and high LLM levels, respectively, were randomly allocated to the animals in the four groups for 70 days (d). LLM supplementation ( p<0.05) improved mean weight gain from À0.30 to 0.26 kg steer À1 d À1 , for T1 and T4, respectively. Steers on T4 gained ( p<0.05) more weight compared to the animals in T1 and T2, though there was no ( p>0.05) difference in weight gains between animals on T3 and T4 (0.14 vs. 0.26 kg steer À1 d À1 , respectively). Standing hay basal forages alone could not sustain animal productivity during dry seasons unless corrected for protein. Higher levels of LLM supplementation prevented weight losses and improved the performance of grazing steers, a management practice thought appropriate to low income pastoralists in semiarid western Tanzania.

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Section: Chemical Compositions Of Dry Season Conserved Forages and Trsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Zebu Steers Grazing on Western Tanzania Native Forages Supplemented with Leucaena Leucocephala Leaf Meal

Rubanza

Shem

Otsyina³

et al. 2005

Agroforest Syst

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“…Ndemanisho et al recommended that Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal could substitute two thirds of cotton seed cake to weaners' goats without reduction in performance. 30 Also Sarwatt et al suggested that Moringa oleifera leaf meal could be used to substitute sunflower cake (SFC). 31 However, the leguminous trees need to be established as some of them are not indigenous to Tanzania.…”

Section: Improvement In Animal Nutritioncontrasting

confidence: 67%

“…Supplementary strategies using cheap and locally available feeds in rural areas are therefore needed. For this reason, leguminous tree leaves and pods involving the use of multipurpose trees (MPTs) such as Leucaena leucocephala and Moringa oleifera 30,31 has been the most appropriate alternative protein and energy sources to conventional supplements. Ndemanisho et al recommended that Leucaena leucocephala leaf meal could substitute two thirds of cotton seed cake to weaners' goats without reduction in performance.…”

Section: Improvement In Animal Nutritionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Possibilities of Utilizing Biotechnology to Improve Animal and Animal Feeds Productivity in Tanzania – Review of Past Efforts and Available Opportunities

Msalya

Lutatenekwa

2017

JDVAR

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Abbreviations: AI, artificial insemination; ANFs, antinutritional factors; BHP, black head persian (sheep); BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy; EAZ, east african zebu; ET, embryo transfer; FAO, food and agriculture organization; LN, liquid nitrogen; MAS, marker assisted selection; MARI, mikocheni agricultural research institute; MOET, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer; MPTs, multipurpose trees; NAIC, national artificial insemination centre; NARCO, national ranching company; PCR, polymerized chain reaction; PRNP, prion protein gene; SEA, small east african (goats); SFC, sunflower cake; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; SUA, sokoine university of agriculture; TBDs, tick-borne diseases; TVLA, tanzania veterinary laboratory agency; TZS, tanzania shorthorn zebu (cattle); UNCED, united nations conference on environment and development IntroductionRecently annual per capita intake of animal protein in Tanzania was estimated to be 15kg of meat, 47litres of milk and 106 eggs. These figures are lower compared to the rates recommended by United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of 50kg of meat, 200litres of milk and 300 eggs per person per year.1 As a result, Tanzania was listed among top 10 countries in the world and third in Africa in number of undernourished children.2 Problem of food insecurity including animal protein deficiency in particular among children under five years of age and pregnant women is expected to widen further ahead 2050.2 At the same time, the country is ranked third in Africa in numbers of livestock with estimated 25.8milion heads of cattle, 16.7million goats, 8.7million sheep, 2.4million pigs and about 70million chickens. Furthermore, production of animal products such as meat, milk and eggs has increased significantly in recent years. For example, meat production has increased by over 6.2percent to 597,757 tonnes in 2015.1 Milk production increased by 130% over the last decade to about 2.25billion litres in 2015 3 and over 4billion eggs were estimated in 2015.1 However, it is generally agreed that the increases have not met the greater demand for these products evidenced by the low consumption rates and hiking prices in local markets in the country. Also, the increases are due to increase in number of animals but not productivity per animal.3 A larger percent of animals raised in Tanzania belong to the native populations which have been characterized to be low producers of meat, milk and eggs due to poor genetic potential.4-6 For example, Tanzania Shorthorn Zebu (TSZ) animals which form 95% of all cattle and produce over 70% and 90% of milk and meat respectively are characterized by slow growth rates, low mature weight, long calving intervals, as well as low meat and milk yield.1 Of the 16.7million goats about 98% belongs to the native Small East African (SEA) breed estimated to have low growth rates between 5 and 7g/day, small mature size ranging from 20 to 25kg and low carcass weights about 6 to 13kg. 6,7 Likewise productivity levels and reproductive efficiency are als...

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“…Secondly, plenty of leaves fall off during the handling of the vines before and after they reach the markets. Fibre and CP contents of the dried Leucaena leaves were in the range reported by Ndemanisho et al (1998). However, Karachi andZengo (1998) andEl hassan et al (2000) reported lower CP as well as higher fibre contents.…”

Section: Chemical Composition Of the Feedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of growing indigenous goats fed diets based on urban market crop wastes

Katongole

Sabiiti

Bareeba

et al. 2008

Trop Anim Health Prod

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The effect of feeding diets including market crop wastes (sweet potato vines (Ipomoea batatas) and scarlet eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum)) on growth and digestibility was studied using 32 indigenous intact growing male goats. Adding elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), maize bran and Leucaena leucocephala leaves, four isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets (Sweet potato vines, Solanum, Mixed and Control) were formulated. After the growth trial, 12 goats were randomly selected for a digestibility trial with the same diets, and 8 goats for a feed preference test comparing the market wastes and elephant grass. Crude protein (CP) intake was highest (P<0.05) for the Control (48 g/day) and lowest for the Sweet potato vines diet (23 g/day). Average daily gain was between 11.0 and 14.2 g/day, and similar between diets. The DM and CP digestibilities of the diets were 0.56 and 0.56 (Control), 0.62 and 0.56 (Mixed), 0.59 and 0.49 (Sweet potato vines), and 0.54 and 0.45 (Solanum), respectively. Faecal and urinary N excretions were highest in goats fed the Sweet potato vines and Solanum diets. Eggplant wastes were the least (P<0.05) preferred. On average the goats spent 5% of their 8-hour time eating eggplant wastes, 34% on sweet potato vines and 36% on elephant grass. Growth performance and N retention were low due to the low intake of feed, especially eggplant wastes.

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Substitution of dry Leucaena leucocephala (DLL) leaves for cotton seed cake (CSC) as a protein supplement to urea treated maize stover fed to dairy weaner goats

Cited by 22 publications

References 9 publications

Performance of Zebu Steers Grazing on Western Tanzania Native Forages Supplemented with Leucaena Leucocephala Leaf Meal

Performance of Zebu Steers Grazing on Western Tanzania Native Forages Supplemented with Leucaena Leucocephala Leaf Meal

Possibilities of Utilizing Biotechnology to Improve Animal and Animal Feeds Productivity in Tanzania – Review of Past Efforts and Available Opportunities

Performance of growing indigenous goats fed diets based on urban market crop wastes

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