Substitution of fish meal with plant protein sources and energy budget for white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931)

Abstract

Fish meal (FM) has long been considered an essential ingredient for the formulation of shrimp feeds. Until recently, 12%FM was considered a minimum amount, below which weight gain would become reduced due to a reduction in feed intake. In order to test this perceived minimum value, an experiment was conducted on a long-term basis with 4 replicates. Four practical isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated for Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles. Survival, weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and protein efficiency ratio were determined for 0, 6, 10 and 15% FM diets and a reference diet. Shrimp survival ranged from 84 to 86.5%. Shrimp fed a diet with 0% FM showed lower average weight and SGR compared to the other treatments (P < 0.05). FCR of shrimp fed the reference diet was significantly lower compared to the other treatments. Short-term energy budget did not differ in recovered energy (RE). Variations in RE according to FM level were expected, however, it remained low (0.12 kJ prawn − 1 day − 1) and it was not possible to discriminate among dietary treatments. Data indicate that RE was similar as evidenced by an absence of difference in weight gain among 6, 10 and 15% FM diets and the reference diet (0.98 g/wk). Growth results obtained over a long-term period and in clear water indicated the possibility for FM replacement with soybean plus canola meals.

Evaluation of dietary soybean meal as fish meal replacer for juvenile whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei reared in biofloc system

“…The observation for growth performance also showed that up to 33% of the FM in a practical diet for whiteleg shrimp, reared in biofloc system, could be effectively substituted by the soybean meal (SBM). Previously, numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the suitability of various feed ingredients as alternative protein sources for FM; as partial or even total replacement of FM by plant ingredients in the diet of L. vannamei has been reported by several authors (Amaya et al 2007;Suárez et al 2009;Olmos et al 2011;Ye et al 2011;Liu et al 2012;Yue et al 2012;Gu et al 2013;Sá et al 2013;Sookying et al 2013;Kuhn et al 2016;Xie et al 2016). In the present study, application of methionine and lysine in the diet did not significantly influence the growth performance.…”

Replacement of fishmeal for soy protein concentrate in diets for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in biofloc-based rearing system

“…Marine shrimp feeds are still dependent on different degrees of fishmeal, due to its attractability and palatability proprieties and nutritional content, including amino acids and essential fatty acids, as well as vitamins and minerals (Amaya et al, 2007a,b;Suárez et al, 2009). However, a reduction or replacement of fishmeal for a suitable alternative ingredient would be desirable, preferably one that is cheaper and renewable.…”

Effect of Beta-propeller Phytase from Pichia pastoris on Energy Partition in Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei Fed a Plant Protein-Based Diet

“…Our research group developed a program of experiments on shrimp nutrition that successfully tested plant meal such as plant protein concentrates as fishmeal substitutes (Maldonado, Cuzon, Guzmán, Brito, Soto, Arena, & Gaxiola, 2009;Suárez, Gaxiola, Mendoza, Cadavid, Garcia, Alanis, Suárez, Faillace, & Cuzon, 2009;Maldonado, Guillen, Pantoja, Arena, Ezquerra-Bauer, Alvarez-González, Cuzon, & Gaxiola, 2012;Suarez, Gaxiola, Posso, Garcia, Alanis, Suárez, Faillace, & Cuzon, 2012). However, plant protein sources have limitations related to decreased feed intake due to lack of appetability for shrimp, and by the presence of phytate, an antinutritional factor (AF), which limits bioavailability of phosphorus and other minerals (Lee and Meyers, 1996;Mendoza, Aguilera, & Montemayor, 2000).…”