Substorm and storm time ionospheric particle flux at the Moon while in the terrestrial magnetosphere

Harnett, E. M.; Cash, M. D.; Winglee, R. M.

doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2013.02.022

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The Moon enters the terrestrial magnetotail for several days around full moon. In the magnetotail, the lunar surface is sometimes exposed to hot plasma of the terrestrial plasma sheet [ Rich et al , ; Harada et al , , ; Harnett et al , ]. Plasma parameters in the plasma sheet such as densities, ion and electron temperatures, and Mach numbers significantly differ from those in both the solar wind and magnetosheath.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backscattered energetic neutral atoms from the Moon in the Earth's plasma sheet observed by Chandarayaan‐1/Sub‐keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer instrument

et al. 2014

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We present the observations of energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) produced at the lunar surface in the Earth's magnetotail. When the Moon was located in the terrestrial plasma sheet, Chandrayaan‐1 Energetic Neutrals Analyzer (CENA) detected hydrogen ENAs from the Moon. Analysis of the data from CENA together with the Solar Wind Monitor (SWIM) onboard Chandrayaan‐1 reveals the characteristic energy of the observed ENA energy spectrum (the e‐folding energy of the distribution function) ∼100 eV and the ENA backscattering ratio (defined as the ratio of upward ENA flux to downward proton flux) <∼0.1. These characteristics are similar to those of the backscattered ENAs in the solar wind, suggesting that CENA detected plasma sheet particles backscattered as ENAs from the lunar surface. The observed ENA backscattering ratio in the plasma sheet exhibits no significant difference in the Southern Hemisphere, where a large and strong magnetized region exists, compared with that in the Northern Hemisphere. This is contrary to the CENA observations in the solar wind, when the backscattering ratio drops by ∼50% in the Southern Hemisphere. Our analysis and test particle simulations suggest that magnetic shielding of the lunar surface in the plasma sheet is less effective than in the solar wind due to the broad velocity distributions of the plasma sheet protons.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Backscattered energetic neutral atoms from the Moon in the Earth's plasma sheet observed by Chandarayaan‐1/Sub‐keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer instrument

et al. 2014

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“…The Earth magnetopause on the sub-solar side is located at roughly 10 R E . Thus the moon is mostly located in the solar wind and thus subject to a super-fast M f > 1 flow, but spends 20 % of its orbit in the terrestrial magnetosphere (Harnett et al, 2013). During its magnetospheric phase, the moon is subject to strongly varying properties from nearly vaccum-like densities in the magnetospheric lobes to the plasma sheet, in which number density and heavy ion concentration can change on rapid time scales (Harnett et al, 2013).…”

Section: Earth: Moonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus the moon is mostly located in the solar wind and thus subject to a super-fast M f > 1 flow, but spends 20 % of its orbit in the terrestrial magnetosphere (Harnett et al, 2013). During its magnetospheric phase, the moon is subject to strongly varying properties from nearly vaccum-like densities in the magnetospheric lobes to the plasma sheet, in which number density and heavy ion concentration can change on rapid time scales (Harnett et al, 2013). Since the moon possesses only a very dilute exosphere, it acts mostly as an inert obstacle to the flow but moon originating ions are still observed in the Earth's magnetosphere.…”

Section: Earth: Moonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…: Halekas et al (2012),Harnett et al (2013), (4):Kivelson et al (2004), (5):Kivelson et al (2004),Khurana et al (1998),Saur et al (1998) (6):Kivelson et al (2004), (7):Kivelson et al (2004),Strobel et al (2002),, (8): Saur (2005), (9):Dougherty et al (2006),Kriegel et al (2009Kriegel et al ( , 2011,Simon, Saur, Kriegel, et al (2011), Saur et al (2007), Simon et al (2014), (10): Khurana et al (2008), Simon et al (2009), (11): Saur (2005), Simon, Saur, Neubauer, et al (2011), (12): Khurana et al (2008), Simon et al (2012), Khurana et al (2017) (13) Neubauer et al (2006), Simon et al (2010), Arridge et al (2011), Bertucci et al (2008) (14) Ness et al(1986),Bridge et al (1986), McNutt et al (1987, (15)Neubauer (1990).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mini-magnetospheres and Moon-magnetosphere interactions: Overview Moon-magnetosphere Interactions

Saur

2019

Preprint

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Moon-magnetosphere interaction" stands for the interaction of magnetospheric plasma with an orbiting moon. Observations and modeling of moon-magnetosphere interaction is a highly interesting area of space physics because it helps to better understand the basic physics of plasma flows in the universe and it provides geophysical information about the interior of the moons. Moon-magnetosphere interaction is caused by the flow of magnetospheric plasma relative to the orbital motions of the moons. The relative velocity is usually slower than the Alfvén velocity of the plasma around the moons. Thus the interaction generally forms Alfvén wings instead of bow shocks in front of the moons. The local interaction, i.e., the interaction within several moon radii, is controlled by properties of the atmospheres, ionospheres, surfaces, nearby dust-populations, the interiors of the moons as well as the properties of the magnetospheric plasma around the moons. The far-field interaction, i.e., the interaction further away than a few moon radii, is dominated by the magnetospheric plasma and the fields, but it still carries information about the properties of the moons. In this chapter we review the basic physics of moon-magnetosphere interaction. We also give a short tour through the solar system highlighting the important findings at the major moons.

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“…The Moon is then also very well situated to study atmospheric escape from the Earth into space (Lammer et al, 2008;Harnett et al, 2013;Wei et al, 2020;André et al, 2021;Dandouras, 2021;Wang et al, 2021), in the form of heavy ions upwelling from the terrestrial ionosphere and transported and lost into the deep magnetotail. The wealth of data supplied from the THEMIS-ARTEMIS and from the Kaguya (SELENE) spacecraft confirmed the observation of such ions, of terrestrial origin, in the lunar environment (Poppe et al, 2016;Terada et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space plasma physics science opportunities for the lunar orbital platform - Gateway

Dandouras

Taylor

Keyser

et al. 2023

Front. Astron. Space Sci.

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The Lunar Orbital Platform - Gateway (LOP - Gateway, or simply Gateway) is a crewed platform that will be assembled and operated in the vicinity of the Moon by NASA and international partner organizations, including ESA, starting from the mid-2020s. It will offer new opportunities for fundamental and applied scientific research. The Moon is a unique location to study the deep space plasma environment. Moreover, the lunar surface and the surface-bounded exosphere are interacting with this environment, constituting a complex multi-scale interacting system. This paper examines the opportunities provided by externally mounted payloads on the Gateway in the field of space plasma physics, heliophysics and space weather, and also examines the impact of the space environment on an inhabited platform in the vicinity of the Moon. It then presents the conceptual design of a model payload, required to perform these space plasma measurements and observations. It results that the Gateway is very well-suited for space plasma physics research. It allows a series of scientific objectives with a multi-disciplinary dimension to be addressed.

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Substorm and storm time ionospheric particle flux at the Moon while in the terrestrial magnetosphere

Cited by 11 publications

References 45 publications

Backscattered energetic neutral atoms from the Moon in the Earth's plasma sheet observed by Chandarayaan‐1/Sub‐keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer instrument

Backscattered energetic neutral atoms from the Moon in the Earth's plasma sheet observed by Chandarayaan‐1/Sub‐keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer instrument

Mini-magnetospheres and Moon-magnetosphere interactions: Overview Moon-magnetosphere Interactions

Space plasma physics science opportunities for the lunar orbital platform - Gateway

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