“…Solar-driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has been broadly regarded as a promising solution for sustainable and decarbonized technology in the quest of green and renewable energy. 1–7 Since TiO 2 photoanodes, researched by Fujishima and Honda, 8,9 were employed to perform water splitting to produce hydrogen, a majority of semiconductors, for example, TiO 2 , 10 α-Fe 2 O 3 , 11–14 Ta 3 N 5 , 15,16 and BiVO 4 , 17–22 have been regarded as ideal photoanodes for PEC water splitting in recent years. Among various candidates, BiVO 4 is the most promising candidate for PEC water oxidation because of a low bandgap (2.4 eV), low cost, and ideal band-edge positions.…”