Substrate size selection by stream invertebrates and the influence of sand

Williams, D. Dudley; Mundie, J. H.

doi:10.4319/lo.1978.23.5.1030

Cited by 93 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…The effect on invertebrates by increasing deposition of fine sediment in the substrate has been observed at a 5% increase in fines (0.2 cm; Angradi 1999) with thresholds evident around 10% (Kaller and Hartman 2004;. However, this relationship may not be the same in small mountain streams where invertebrates may be highly tolerant of sand-sized substrate (Williams and Mundie 1978;Hawkins et al 1982;Culp 1986). Deposited fine sediment infiltrates into substrate where it affects invertebrates living in the hyporheos.…”

Section: Impact Of Excessive Fine Sediment On Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroinvertebrates and Excessive Fine Sediment Conditions in Oregon Coastal Streams

Edwards¹

2000

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The Pacific Coastal ecoregion contains large tracts of economically important forestlands that also serve as critical stream habitat for endangered Salmonids. Excessive fine sediment deposition in streams of this region is a major environmental concern in the region but difficult to measure directly. The use of stream invertebrates to monitor fine sediment conditions in streams requires careful consideration of several important factors that complicate their use as bioindicators including high spatial and temporal variability and covariance with other environmental variables.To evaluate the use of stream invertebrates as bioindicators of excessive fine sediment, three hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis was that invertebrates would be related to broad-scale climate variables (Chapter 2). The second hypothesis was that functional aspects of the invertebrate community would serve as useful indicators of excessive fine sediment condition. (Chapter 3). The third hypothesis was that invertebrates in streams with naturally high levels of sediment would be tolerant to fine sediment (<2 mm, Chapter 4). Hypotheses were tested using a temporal data set at two streams in western Oregon, spatial data from 214 sites across the Oregon Coast Range, and in-situ experiment conducted in streams with erosive or resistant geologies.In the temporal study, both invertebrate density and functional traits were iii Acknowledgements

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Section: Impact Of Excessive Fine Sediment On Invertebratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroinvertebrates and Excessive Fine Sediment Conditions in Oregon Coastal Streams

Edwards¹

2000

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“…Changing the percentage of sand in the interstices of the gravel from ഠ20% (controls) to ഠ10% (crayfish flumes) in a riffle section (first straight and first radius) should have marginal effects on macroinvertebrate abundance (Rosenberg and Wiens 1978;Williams and Mundie 1978). Similarly, reducing the sand dune heights but not clearing the gravel from the sand in a pool section (second straight) should have only marginal effects, as the macroinvertebrate fauna would remain characteristic of sandy bottoms (Minshall 1984).…”

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Crayfish as geomorphic agents and ecosystem engineers: Biological behavior affects sand and gravel erosion in experimental streams

Statzner

Fiévet

Champagne

et al. 2000

Limnology & Oceanography

156

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Effects of animals on the transport of solids (e.g., sediments) can modify earth-surface processes and landforms (role as geomorphic agents) and resources for other organisms (role as ecosystem engineers). Therefore, we studied the impact of crayfish (Orconectes limosus) behavior on sand-gravel erosion and bottom habitat over riffle-pool sequences in experimental streams. We manipulated the availability of crayfish food and refugia. Refugia availability had clear effects on overall crayfish activity. The establishment of dominance hierarchies among the crayfish produced patterns in crayfish activity that differed between riffles and pools. Crayfish activity significantly affected sand and gravel erosion. High local sediment erosion averaged ഠ2.8 (riffles) and ഠ1.4 (pools) kg dry weight mϪ1 when crayfish hierarchies were established and refugia were available. Removing the refugia increased these rates to ഠ4.0 (riffles) and ഠ3.2 (pools) kg dry weight m Ϫ2 d Ϫ1. This direct erosion caused by crayfish should be lower than that caused by floods. Crayfish distinctly (1) increased bedform roughness (riffles), (2) decreased sand dune height (pools), (3) shifted the transition between gravel (riffles) and sand (pools) downstream, (4) decreased sand in gravel interstices (riffles), (5) decreased filamentous algae growth on gravel (riffles), and (6) decreased biofilm cover on sand dunes (pools). These sediment changes due to crayfish activity at baseflow should have opposite effects on sediment erosion during subsequent floods. Crayfish impact on physical habitat at baseflow could largely affect population and community structure of the benthos, as well as egg survival of gravel-breeding fish.

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“…In an experiment to maximize benthic invertebrate food organisms for salmonids in a seminatural rearing channel, Williams and Mundie (1978) examined the responses of benthos to a range of mean particle size of gravel. Maximum numbers and biomass occurred on a medium-sized uniform gravel (24.2-mm mean diameter), whereas diversity was greatest on a larger-sized uniform gravel (40.8 mm).…”

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confidence: 99%

Some relationships between stream benthos and substrate heterogeneity

Williams

1980

Limnology & Oceanography

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Baskets filled with stones, to give four different degrees of heterogeneity, were placed in a stream and made available for colonization by benthic invertebrates. No difference resulted in the total numbers and weights of animals colonizing; 26% of the species, however, showed clear substrate preferences, 35% showed slight preferences, and 39% showed none. The last group made up most of the benthic invertebrate biomass. A high quantity of detritus accumulated in each substrate, and this may account for the similar densities of detritivores collected on all four substrates.

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Substrate size selection by stream invertebrates and the influence of sand

Cited by 93 publications

References 1 publication

Macroinvertebrates and Excessive Fine Sediment Conditions in Oregon Coastal Streams

Macroinvertebrates and Excessive Fine Sediment Conditions in Oregon Coastal Streams

Crayfish as geomorphic agents and ecosystem engineers: Biological behavior affects sand and gravel erosion in experimental streams

Some relationships between stream benthos and substrate heterogeneity

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