Substrate specificity of sheep liver sorbitol dehydrogenase

Lindstad, I. Rune; Köll, Peter; McKinley-McKee, John S.

doi:10.1042/bj3300479

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…The enzyme assays also showed that the predominant activity in extracts of sporangia exhibited the same biochemical features described for other members of the sorbitol dehydrogenase family (29). This included optimal activity at alkaline pH (pH 9 to 10), a preference for NAD as opposed to NADP as a cofactor, and broad substrate specificity.…”

Section: Vol 2 2003 Sporangium-specific Gene Expression In P Infesmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…These are typically broad-spectrum reversible oxidoreductases, in which conversions, such as mannitol to mannose or sorbitol to fructose, are coupled to NAD reduction (29). In true fungi, polyols, such as mannitol, arabitol, and glycerol, accumulate and exhibit multiple cellular functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such enzymes generally have broad substrate specificity, especially against sugar alcohols. Hence, a protein called a xylitol dehydrogenase is also a sorbitol, mannitol, or glycerol dehydrogenase (29). For simplicity, they will henceforth be described as sorbitol dehydrogenases.…”

Section: Identification Of Genes Up-regulated In Asexual Sporangiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sporangium-Specific Gene Expression in theOomycete Phytopathogen Phytophthorainfestans

Kim

Judelson

2003

Eukaryot Cell

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The oomycete genus Phytophthora includes many of the world's most destructive plant pathogens, which are generally disseminated by asexual sporangia. To identify factors relevant to the biology of these propagules, genes induced in sporangia of the potato late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans were isolated using cDNA macroarrays. Of ϳ1,900 genes known to be expressed in sporangia, 61 were up-regulated >5-fold in sporangia versus hyphae based on the arrays, including 17 that were induced >100-fold. A subset were also activated by starvation and in a nonsporulating mutant. mRNAs of some genes declined in abundance after germination, while others persisted through the germinated zoospore cyst stage. Functions were predicted for about three-quarters of the genes, including potential regulators (protein kinases and phosphatases, transcription factors, and G-protein subunits), transporters, and metabolic enzymes. Predominant among the last were several dehydrogenases, especially a highly expressed sorbitol dehydrogenase that accounted for 3% of the mRNA. Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity also rose during sporulation and several stress treatments, paralleling the expression of the gene. Another interesting metabolic enzyme resembled creatine kinases, which previously were reported only in animals and trypanosomes. These results provide insight into the transcriptional and cellular processes occurring in sporangia and identify potential targets for crop protection strategies.Sporulation is central to the life cycles of most plant-pathogenic lower eukaryotes, including true fungi and oomycetes. The latter group encompasses important pathogens, such as Phytophthora, Pythium, and the downy mildews, which infect many economically significant hosts (14). The molecular biology of sporulation has been characterized in detail for several true fungi (1,11,28,43). However, little information exists on oomycetes, which despite their "fungus-like" appearance are more closely related to organisms such as diatoms and brown algae (3).Asexual sporangia play the major role in spreading Phytophthora infestans, which causes late blight of potato and tomato (17). The roles of nutrients, pH, aeration, light, and humidity in sporulation are well described (33,41). In older portions of plant lesions and in laboratory cultures, sporangia form upon aerial sporangiophores branched from hyphae. In some members of the genus, such as P. infestans, this occurs spontaneously as cultures age, but in others significant sporulation requires washing nutrients from media (41). In both cases, nuclear divisions rapidly occur within sporangiophores, and then nuclei and cytoplasm quickly flow into terminal swellings, which develop into sporangia (7, 32). These mature by forming a basal plug, which delimits the multinucleate sporangium from the coenocytic hypha, and an apical papilla, which is a future site of germination. Two modes of germination are possible in most oomycetes, including P. infestans. Indirect germination by way of zoospores predominates ...

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Section: Vol 2 2003 Sporangium-specific Gene Expression In P Infesmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sporangium-Specific Gene Expression in theOomycete Phytopathogen Phytophthorainfestans

Kim

Judelson

2003

Eukaryot Cell

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“…For example, the pharmaceutical intermediate, enantio-pure (R)-or (S)-mandelic acid, is used in the synthesis of b-lactam antibiotics and analytical reagents (Groger, 2001), and (R)-mandelic acid may be made from (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (Drummond et al, 1990;Lindstad et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enantioconvergent production of (R)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol from styrene oxide by combining the Solanum tuberosum and an evolved Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 epoxide hydrolases

Lee

Chen

et al. 2006

Biotech & Bioengineering

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Soluble epoxide hydrolase (EH) from the potato Solanum tuberosum and an evolved EH of the bacterium Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1, EchA-I219F, were purified for the enantioconvergent hydrolysis of racemic styrene oxide into the single product (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol, which is an important intermediate for pharmaceuticals. EchA-I219F has enhanced enantioselectivity (enantiomeric ratio of 91 based on products) for converting (R)-styrene oxide to (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (2.0 +/- 0.2 micromol/min/mg), and the potato EH converts (S)-styrene oxide primarily to the same enantiomer, (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol (22 +/- 1 micromol/min/mg), with an enantiomeric ratio of 40 +/- 17 (based on substrates). By mixing these two purified enzymes, inexpensive racemic styrene oxide (5 mM) was converted at 100% yield to 98% enantiomeric excess (R)-1-phenyl-1,2-ethanediol at 4.7 +/- 0.7 micromol/min/mg. Hence, at least 99% of substrate is converted into a single stereospecific product at a rapid rate.

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“…Sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) is another possible pathway for mannitol breakdown [43], as mannitol is an isomer of sorbitol [44] and SDH is found in Drosophila (Gene ID: 40836, 41313) [45]. Overloading of this pathway has been shown to lead to sorbitol accumulation in the gut [46] and the rate of mannitol catalysis by SDH is very low [43,47]. Taken together, D. melanogaster and its common microbes may be able to metabolize small amounts of mannitol, but likely not the amounts consumed in our experiment [48-51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mannitol ingestion causes concentration-dependent, sex-specific mortality in adults of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

Fiocca

Barrett

Waddell

et al. 2019

Preprint

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31Mannitol, a sugar alcohol used in commercial food products, induced sex-specific mortality in 32 the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster when ingested at a single concentration (1M), and female 33 mortality was greater than male mortality. We hypothesized that sex differences in energy needs, 34 related to reproductive costs, contribute to increased mortality in females compared to males. To 35 test for the effects of reproductive costs, we compared longevity to 21 days of actively mating 36 and non-mating flies fed various concentrations of mannitol. We also asked whether mannitol-37 induced mortality was concentration-dependent for both males and females, and if mannitol's 38 sex-specific effects were consistent across concentrations. Females and males both showed 39 concentration-dependent increases in mortality, but female mortality was consistently higher at 40 all concentrations above 0.75M. Fly longevity to 21 days decreased further for both sexes when 41 housed in mixed sex vials (as compared to single sex vials), suggesting the increased energetic 42 demands of reproduction for both sexes may increase ingestion of mannitol. Mannitol fed to 43 larvae did not alter emerging adult sex ratios, suggesting that sex-specific mortality due to 44 mannitol occurs only in adults. 45Introduction 46 D-mannitol (henceforth mannitol) is a 6-carbon polyol produced via microbial 47 fermentation, particularly by yeasts, and is the most common naturally-occurring polyol in plants 48 and fungi [1][2][3][4]. Mannitol is commonly used as a sweet additive in consumer products as it is 49 only partially absorbed in the human small intestine without increasing insulin secretion or blood 50 glucose [1,5]. 3 51 Mannitol produces a variety of gastrointestinal, reproductive, and survival effects when 52 fed to other organisms [2,6-7]. Mannitol reduced survival and prevented adult female 53 reproduction in Pimpla turionellae ichneumonid wasps [7]. In contrast, mannitol stimulated 54 feeding behavior at low doses (72.6mM) in red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) and 55 increased the longevity of females in comparison to males [8-9]. In contrast, adult female 56Drosophila melanogaster fed 1M mannitol food showed significantly decreased longevity over a 57 seventeen-day trial in comparison to males [10]. 58 We hypothesized that the sex-specific effects of mannitol in D. melanogaster could be 59 caused by differing energetic demands between males and females. Oogenesis requires greater 60 protein intake [11][12], leading females to eat more food, more frequently [13][14]. Sex-specific 61 differences in survival between males and females could be due to differences in ingestion that 62 increase self-dosing of mannitol in females. To test this hypothesis, first we assessed if mortality 63 was concentration dependent in both males and females, suggesting dose-dependency, and if sex-64 specific differences in survival were consistent across concentrations. Next, we assessed if flies 65 differed in survival when cultured in sing...

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Substrate specificity of sheep liver sorbitol dehydrogenase

Cited by 35 publications

References 54 publications

Sporangium-Specific Gene Expression in theOomycete Phytopathogen Phytophthorainfestans

Sporangium-Specific Gene Expression in theOomycete Phytopathogen Phytophthorainfestans

Enantioconvergent production of (R)‐1‐phenyl‐1,2‐ethanediol from styrene oxide by combining the Solanum tuberosum and an evolved Agrobacterium radiobacter AD1 epoxide hydrolases

Mannitol ingestion causes concentration-dependent, sex-specific mortality in adults of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster)

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