Subsurface Structure at the InSight Landing Site From Compliance Measurements by Seismic and Meteorological Experiments

Kenda, B.; Drilleau, M.; Garcia, Raphaël; Kawamura, Taïchi; Murdoch, Naomi; Compaire, Nicolas; Lognonné, Philippe; Spiga, Aymeric; Widmer‐Schnidrig, R.; Delage, Pierre; Ansan, V.; Vrettos, Christos; Rodríguez, S.; Banerdt, W. B.; Banfield, Don; Antonangeli, Daniele; Christensen, Ulrich R.; Mimoun, David; Mocquet, A.; Spohn, Tilman

doi:10.1029/2020je006387

Cited by 56 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…At frequencies lower than 0.1 Hz, the compliance response of the ground is dominated by tilt effects which are strongly impacting SEIS's horizontal components (Kenda et al., 2020). These ground responses are usually more complicated than our simple acceleration step model (Murdoch et al., 2017).…”

Section: Other Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars

Scholz

Widmer‐Schnidrig²,

Davis

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with the three very broadband and three short-period seismic sensors is installed on the surface on Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is deployed in a very harsh wind and temperature environment that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One ubiquitous artifact in the raw data is an abundance of transient one-sided pulses often accompanied by high-frequency spikes. These pulses, which we term "glitches", can be modeled as the response of the instrument to a step in acceleration, while the spikes can be modeled as the response to a simultaneous step in displacement. We attribute the glitches primarily to SEIS-internal stress relaxations caused by the large temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian day. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the SEIS package as a whole caused by minuscule tilts of either the instrument or the ground. In this study, we focus on the analysis of the glitch+spike phenomenon and present how these signals can be automatically detected and removed from SEIS's raw data. As glitches affect many standard seismological analysis methods such as receiver functions, spectral decomposition and source inversions, we anticipate that studies of the Martian seismicity as well as studies of Mars' internal structure should benefit from deglitched seismic data. Plain Language Summary The instrument package SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Internal Structure) with two fully equipped seismometers is installed on the surface of Mars as part of NASA's InSight Discovery mission. When compared to terrestrial installations, SEIS is more exposed to wind and daily temperature changes that leads to inevitable degradation of the quality of the recorded data. One consequence is the occurrence of a specific type of transient noise that we term "glitch". Glitches show up in the recorded data as one-sided pulses and have strong implications for the typical seismic data analysis. Glitches can be understood as step-like changes in the acceleration sensed by the seismometers. We attribute them primarily to SEIS-internal stress relaxations caused by the large temperature variations to which the instrument is exposed during a Martian day. Only a small fraction of glitches correspond to a motion of the whole SEIS instrument. In this study, we focus on the detection and removal of glitches and anticipate

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Section: Other Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars

Scholz

Widmer‐Schnidrig²,

Davis

et al. 2020

Earth and Space Science

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“…For the slightly more complex non‐homogeneous case see Kenda et al (2017). The subsurface model can be extracted via the inversion of the subsurface structure from compliance measurements (Kenda et al, 2020; Lognonné et al, 2020).…”

Section: Pressure and Seismic Data Setsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure Effects on the SEIS‐InSight Instrument, Improvement of Seismic Records, and Characterization of Long Period Atmospheric Waves From Ground Displacements

et al. 2020

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Mars atmospheric pressure variations induce ground displacements through elastic deformations. The various sensors of the InSight mission were designed in order to be able to understand and correct for these ground deformations induced by atmospheric effects. Particular efforts were made, on one hand, to avoid direct pressure and wind effects on the seismometer and, on the other hand, to have a high performance pressure sensor operating in the same frequency range as the seismometer. As a consequence of these technical achievements and the low background seismic noise of Mars, the InSight mission is opening a new science domain in which the ground displacements can be used to perform atmospheric science. This study presents an analysis of pressure and seismic signals and the relations between them. After a short description of the pressure and seismic sensors, we present an analysis of these signals as a function of local time at the InSight location. Then the coherent signals recorded by both pressure and seismic sensors are described and interpreted in terms of atmospheric signals and ground deformation processes. Two different methods to remove the pressure effects recorded by SEIS sensors are presented, and their efficiency is estimated and compared. These decorrelation methods allow the pressure generated noise to be reduced by a factor of 2 during the active day time period. Finally, an analysis of SEIS signals induced by gravity waves demonstrates the interest of ground displacement measurements to characterize their arrival azimuth.

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“…Such effects have been first described under a plane wave approximation by Sorrells et al (1971). They were more recently applied within the framework of the InSight mission for ground movements induced by dust devils (Kenda et al, 2017(Kenda et al, , 2020Murdoch et al, 2017).…”

Section: Theory Of Ground Motion Induced By Compliance Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inertial effects on the vertical (V z i ) and horizontal (V h i ) ground velocities are linked to the pressure perturbations (ΔP) by (Kenda et al, 2017(Kenda et al, , 2020:…”

Section: Analytical Compliance Relations For An Homogeneous Subsurfacmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Martian Infrasound: Numerical Modeling and Analysis of InSight's Data

et al. 2020

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Acoustic waves in planetary atmospheres couple into the solid surface, producing ground displacements that can be measured using seismometers. On 26 November 2018, the InSight mission successfully landed on Mars. Its objectives include studying Mars' interior using the seismometer SEIS (Seismic Experiment for Interior Structures) and the atmosphere through the weather station APSS (Auxiliary Payload Sensor Suite). Because InSight is the first mission capable of studying infrasound on Mars, we investigate the signature of infrasound both in terms of air pressure and ground velocities. Using numerical simulations, we characterize (1) the acoustic propagation pattern in Martian dusk and (2) the mechanical atmosphere‐to‐ground coupling under acoustic waves. Then, using SEIS data, we demonstrate that two low‐frequency monotone events (S0133a and S0189a) are in fact infrasound trapped in the atmospheric nocturnal surface waveguide. We base our demonstration on the following facts. (1) Seismic signals rarely produce, at a given station, a single frequency varying from one event to the other. (2) No clear seismic phases have been identified for such events. (3) The observed SEIS signals present the characteristics expected for trapped infrasound observed through their compliance effects (specific frequency response, more energy on the vertical component, ±90° phase shift between vertical and horizontal components, and no detection on pressure sensor at these low amplitude levels). Our simulations of the nocturnal waveguide's response are however subject to uncertainties because (1) it relies on the sol‐to‐sol variability of the atmosphere, and (2) subsurface properties are not properly known at this time.

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Subsurface Structure at the InSight Landing Site From Compliance Measurements by Seismic and Meteorological Experiments

Cited by 56 publications

References 53 publications

Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars

Detection, Analysis, and Removal of Glitches From InSight's Seismic Data From Mars

Pressure Effects on the SEIS‐InSight Instrument, Improvement of Seismic Records, and Characterization of Long Period Atmospheric Waves From Ground Displacements

Martian Infrasound: Numerical Modeling and Analysis of InSight's Data

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