Subtle Symptoms Associated with Self-Reported Mild Head Injury

Segalowitz, Sidney J.; Lawson, Sheila

doi:10.1177/002221949502800507

Cited by 76 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The majority of individuals who experience an mTBI are not admitted to hospital, and prevalence of mTBI in the general population is greater than that seen in emergency departments or hospitals. This suggests that a large number of those who sustain an mTBI are unreported in the traditional literature [5,56], although they may subsequently experience persistent, worsening or even emerging PCS symptoms. For this reason, we used an online survey to collect the data, ensuring that a more representative sampling of PCS in both populations with mTBI and those without head injury was achieved.…”

Section: Pcs In Populations With and Without Mtbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-concussion syndrome: Prevalence after mild traumatic brain injury in comparison with a sample without head injury

2011

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Primary Objective: To compare the prevalence of persistent post-concussion syndrome (PCS; > 1 year post-injury) in participants with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and those without head injury.Research Design: Cross-sectional sample of 119 participants with mTBI and 246 without previous head injury.Methods: Online questionnaires collected data about post-concussion symptoms, cognitive failures, anxiety, depression, sleep behaviour and post-traumatic stress disorder. Variability within the sample was addressed by splitting by PCS diagnosis to create four groups: mTBI+PCS, mTBI-PCS, Control+PCS and Control-PCS. PCS was diagnosed using ICD-10 criteria in all groups, with controls not requiring previous head injury. Main Outcomes and Results: PCS was present to a similar extent in participants with no head injury (34%) compared to those with mTBI (31%). Only report of headaches, which could be caused by expectation bias, distinguished between mTBI+PCS and Control+PCS groups. In addition, significantly higher cognitive problems were observed in participants with mTBI compared with the control group Conclusions: Persistent PCS, as currently defined, is not specific to mTBI. These data suggest that somatic and cognitive symptoms are most likely to be able to distinguish PCS after mTBI from that present in the general population. Further research is necessary into these factors in order to create more specific PCS diagnostic criteria. PCS in populations with and without mTBI 3

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Section: Pcs In Populations With and Without Mtbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-concussion syndrome: Prevalence after mild traumatic brain injury in comparison with a sample without head injury

2011

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“…Its effects on overall function and quality of life are well documented [125][126][127][128]. Following a TBI, 30 to 70 percent of survivors report difficulties with sleep [125,[128][129][130][131][132][133][134][135][136]. In two separate studies, nearly 30 percent of TBI survivors met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria for insomnia syndrome [125,132].…”

Section: Insomniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimizing the effect of TBI-related physical sequelae on vocational return

McNamee

Walker²,

Cifu³

et al. 2009

JRRD

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Abstract-This article evaluated the common physical sequelae that affect return to work (RTW) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We performed a Medline search and evaluation of current TBI rehabilitation texts. The information presented is a combination of published literature and clinical guidelines. The limitations faced by many patients with TBI can best be overcome through clever job search, job redesign, and community linkages with business and industry that are willing to partner in helping the patient with TBI regain employment. The physician plays a key role in communicating suggestions to the vocational specialist. The comorbidities described represent challenges to successful RTW. These problems are recurrent, long-term, and clearly affect job procurement, nature of job, level of required support, and likelihood of job retention. Conversely, these challenges should not be viewed as impenetrable obstacles. With appropriate supports such as compensatory strategies, job coaching, assistive technology, medical management, and job restructuring, successful RTW is viable option. Physicians must focus on employment outcomes in real jobs and not settle for volunteer work, sheltered work, or assessment and planning. Individuals should be placed in real work for real pay. Through close collaboration between the survivor of TBI, the physician, the vocational specialist, and community resources, successful employment for survivors of TBI is possible and must be prescribed a high value.

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“…First, concussion history was determined via retrospective self‐report; thus, many of the reported injuries remain unconfirmed by collateral sources. However, it has been found that the majority of university students reporting concussions indicate that they were not admitted to a treating medical facility for their injuries (e.g., Baker & Good, 2014; Segalowitz & Lawson, 1995), thereby limiting collateral evidence, and the possible impact of retrospective reporting bias is somewhat mitigated in this study in that participants were not motivated by litigation or incentives, nor were they aware of the researchers’ added interest in head injury upon recruitment. Further, while the majority of injuries captured in this study were mild in nature according to injury severity indices, it is acknowledged that the ACRM criteria allow for moderate and severe TBI classifications to fall into this group; thus, this research may include a broader spectrum of individuals across the continuum and may not be restricted to the mild category.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological underarousal as a mechanism of aggressive behavior in university athletes with a history of concussion

2018

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IntroductionResearch has indicated that athletes who engage in high‐risk athletic activities, such as football and hockey, have riskier personalities than their low‐risk and nonathlete counterparts (Ahmadi et al., 2011, Procedia Soc Behav Sci, 30 and 247–251; Zuckerman, 1983, Biological bases of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and anxiety, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc Inc.). For instance, increased sensation‐seeking and aggression are common in high‐risk athletes, rendering these individuals more likely to sustain a subsequent injury, such as concussion. Elevated levels of certain personality traits, including impulsivity and aggression, have also been observed after concussion (Goswami et al., 2016, Brain Struct Funct, 221 and 1911–1925). The purpose of this study therefore was to determine whether aggressive behavior in university athletes may be accounted for, in part, by a history of concussion, rather than exclusively athletic status.MethodsUsing a quasi‐experimental design, 66 university students (n = 18 nonathletes, n = 24 low‐risk athletes, n = 24 high‐risk athletes) with (n = 27) and without a history of concussion (n = 39) completed the Buss & Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ; Buss & Perry, 1992, J Pers Soc Psychol, 63 and 452) and provided electrodermal activation (EDA) as an index of physiological arousal.ResultsIt was found that decreased physiological arousal among students with a history of concussion was associated with greater endorsement of physical aggression. Moreover, athletic status did not account for this pattern of aggression, as athletes and nonathletes did not differ in terms of self‐reported aggressive tendencies.ConclusionsPhysiological compromise after concussive injury may act as an independent mechanism of aggressive behavior in athletes beyond factors, such as athletic status.

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Subtle Symptoms Associated with Self-Reported Mild Head Injury

Cited by 76 publications

References 21 publications

Post-concussion syndrome: Prevalence after mild traumatic brain injury in comparison with a sample without head injury

Post-concussion syndrome: Prevalence after mild traumatic brain injury in comparison with a sample without head injury

Minimizing the effect of TBI-related physical sequelae on vocational return

Physiological underarousal as a mechanism of aggressive behavior in university athletes with a history of concussion

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