Subtropical Mode Water in the 137°E Section

Suga, Toshio; Hanawa, Kimio; Toba, Yoshiaki

doi:10.1175/1520-0485(1989)019<1605:smwits>2.0.co;2

Cited by 123 publications

(108 citation statements)

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“…If this is taken to be oxygen consumption during 12-15 months, the mean oxygen consumption rate on the surface is 0.96-0.77 ml l -1 yr -1 . This is comparable to that of upper 100-300 m depths in the North Pacific and the North Atlantic (Wyrtki, 1962;Jenkins, 1980;Suga et al, 1989), though the Japan Sea Proper Water is much colder.…”

Section: Interannual Variability and Circulation Time Of The Ujspwmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interannual variation of the upper portion of the Japan Sea Proper Water and its probable cause

Senjyu

Sudo

1996

J Oceanogr

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The long-term variation of water properties in the upper portion of the Japan Sea Proper Water (UJSPW) is examined on the basis of hydrographic data at PM10, located on the northwestern Japan Sea, and at PM05, in the Yamato Basin, taken from 1965 through 1982. At PM10, located at the southern boundary of the UJSPW formation region, dissolved oxygen fluctuations on the UJSPW core showed negative correlation with phosphate variations, but showed no significant correlation with salinity variations. At PM05 water properties fluctuated with smaller amplitudes than those at PM10 except for salinity. Dissolved oxygen variations at PM10 lead those at PM05 by 12-15 months, suggesting that the UJSPW near PM10 circulates into the Yamato Basin spending 12-15 months. Increases of dissolved oxygen contents in summer on relevant isopycnal surfaces at PM10 occurred after cold and/or windy winters except for two of eight; this suggests that larger volume of the UJSPW is formed in severe winter. Rough estimations of the formation rate and existing volume of the UJSPW are made on the basis of a climatological dataset; 1.5 × 10 4 km 3 yr -1 and 27.3 × 10 4 km 3 , respectively. The ventilation time of the UJSPW, 18.2 years, is about one tenth or less of residence time for the entire Japan Sea Proper Water. This indicates that the UJSPW is renewed about ten times as quick as the deeper water.

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Section: Interannual Variability and Circulation Time Of The Ujspwmentioning

confidence: 98%

Interannual variation of the upper portion of the Japan Sea Proper Water and its probable cause

Senjyu

Sudo

1996

J Oceanogr

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“…In observations, the STMW (CMW) is found in a density range of 25.3-25.7 σ θ (26.1-26.5 σ θ ) [Suga et al 1989[Suga et al , 1997[Suga et al , 2004Nakamura 1996;Hanawa and Talley 2001]. For 20C3M, the STMW (CMW) is clustered in 25.4-25.7 σ θ (26.2-26.6 σ θ ).…”

Section: Comparison With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mode waters, including the Subtropical Mode Water (STMW) [Suga et al 1989] and the Central Mode Water (CMW) [Nakamura 1996;Suga et al 1997], are subducted from the northwestern subtropical gyre, at the cross point between the outcrop line and the mixed layer front that separates the shallow and deep mixed layers (Kubokawa 1999;Xie et al 2000). Subducted at different locations along the mixed layer depth (MLD) front, mode waters of low potential vorticity (PV) on different isopycnals are advected southward by the subtropical gyre, and eventually stacked up vertically to form a thick low-PV pool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of the North Pacific subtropical countercurrent and its variability to global warming

Xu,

Xie,

Liu

et al. 2011

J Oceanogr

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Abstract:Response of the North Pacific Subtropical Countercurrent (STCC) and its variability to global warming is examined in a state-of-the-art coupled model that is forced by increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. Compared with the present climate, the upper ocean is more stratified, and the mixed layer depth (MLD) shoals in warmer climate. The maximum change of winter MLD appears in the Kuroshio-Oyashio-Extension (KOE) region, where the mean MLD is deepest of the North Pacific. This weakens the MLD front and reduces lateral induction. Due to the reduced subduction rate and a decrease in sea surface density in KOE, mode waters form on lighter isopycnals with reduced thickness. Advected southward, the weakened mode waters decelerate the STCC.On decadal time scales, the dominant mode of sea surface height in the central subtropical gyre represents STCC variability. This STCC mode decays as CO 2 concentrations double in the 21 st century, due both to weakened mode waters in the mean state and to reduced variability in mode waters. The reduced mode-water variability can be traced upstream to reduced variations in winter MLD front and subduction in the KOE region where mode water forms.

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“…Since the AOU of just forming STMW is about 0.3 mL L -a [Suga et al, 1989], the AOU of the northern STMW must be renewed to 0.3 mL L -a in February to April and increases with the rate of 0.6 mL L-a yr-a after April until January.…”

Section: Subtropical Mode Watermentioning

confidence: 99%