“…ST4 is common in Europe, but is rarely reported from Asian, Middle Eastern and South American populations; however, in many regions comparatively little sampling has been undertaken. ST3 is the most common subtype in humans worldwide, and its occurrence is a frequent finding in analyses of subtype distribution, irrespective of the geographic origin of the population (Forsell et al, 2012;Malheiros et al, 2011;Meloni et al, 2011;Nagel et al, 2011;Souppart et al, 2010;Souppart et al, 2009;Stensvold et al, 2009a;Stensvold et al, 2009b;Stensvold et al, 2011b). The high discriminatory index of the ST3 MLST system makes it useful for surveillance of ST3 strains (re-infection or recrudescence; longevity of colonisation; patterns of transmission), whereas that of ST4 would not be suitable for these purposes.…”