Subtypes and Variations of Psychopathic Disorders

Mokros, Andreas; Hare, Robert D.; Neumann, Craig S.; Habermeyer, Elmar

doi:10.1002/9781119159322.ch5

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 126 publications

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“…By explicitly considering an antisocial component, the PSCD may also help better connect the child and adolescent literature on psychopathy with the adult literature on PCL-R measured psychopathy, defined as a superordinate construct underpinned by four correlated first-order components. To illustrate, in line with PCL-R research (Mokros et al, 2020), the four components of the PSCD may allow for the use of latent profile analysis to uncover subtypes of youth with psychopathic features and conduct problems (see also Colins et al, 2018). Hence, to ascertain that the PSCD will advance our understanding of psychopathy, especially as it relates to CD, this novel tool must first undergo further psychometric evaluation.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale: Factor Structure and Validation of the Self-Report Version in a Forensic Sample of Belgian Youth

et al. 2022

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This is the first study to test the psychometric properties of the self-report version of the Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) in detained youth. The PSCD is a measure of the broad psychopathy construct, with grandiose-manipulative, callous-unemotional, daring-impulsive, and conduct disorder (CD) components. Participants (227 males) completed the PSCD along with other measures, including a diagnostic interview to assess Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) CD. Results support the PSCD’s proposed hierarchical four-factor structure. Correlations with an alternate measure of psychopathy and symptoms of CD support the convergent validity of PSCD scores. PSCD scores showed positive associations with criterion variables of emotional and regulatory functioning, aggression, substance use, and school problems. Finally, PSCD scores were unrelated to anxiety and depression, supporting the PSCD’s discriminant validity. Findings indicate that the PSCD is a promising measure for assessing psychopathic traits in detained male adolescents, though its incremental validity is in need of further scrutiny.

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confidence: 99%

The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale: Factor Structure and Validation of the Self-Report Version in a Forensic Sample of Belgian Youth

et al. 2022

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“…Nonetheless, the profiles diverged somewhat from previous findings. Specifically, the Callous-Conning profile had a considerably higher PCL-R interpersonal score than C3 but only a slightly higher (though statistically significant) affective score; this difference in affective scores was not as pronounced as in other research (e.g., Krstic et al, 2018;Mokros et al, 2021). In other words, individuals in the Externalizing profile were nearly as callous as those in C2, though less superficially charming, deceptive, and manipulative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…In Hicks and Drislane’s (2018) review, it is unclear if samples of “secondary” variants in the reviewed studies described the “aggressive” variant of primary psychopathy or individuals who appear somewhat psychopathic but with different etiologies underlying their presentation. Relatedly, the unsystematic nature of the psychopathy subtyping literature has led to studies identifying anywhere from two to five antisocial profiles (Mokros et al, 2021; Neumann et al, 2016). For example, Poythress et al (2010) identified four antisocial profiles (i.e., Primary Psychopathy; Secondary Psychopathy; Fearful Psychopathy; Nonpsychopathic Antisocial) in a sample of 610 incarcerated men diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder.…”

Section: Lpa Of Full Range (Total) Pcl-r Scoresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validating latent profiles of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised with a large sample of incarcerated men.

Roy¹,

Neumann²,

Hare³

2023

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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There is a long tradition of theory and research on putative variants of psychopathic and other antisocial clinical presentations. However, using different samples, psychopathy measures, terminologies, and analytic methods makes interpretation of the findings difficult. Emerging research suggests that the validated four-factor model of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) provides a consistent and empirically robust framework for identifying psychopathic variants and antisocial subtypes (Hare et al., 2018;Neumann et al., 2016). The current study employed latent profile analysis (LPA) of the full range of PCL-R scores in a large sample of incarcerated men (N = 2,570) to replicate and extend recent LPA research on PCL-R-based latent classes. Consistent with previous research, a four-class solution emerged as optimal, with the following antisocial subtypes: Prototypic Psychopathic (C1), Callous-Conning (C2), Externalizing (C3), and General Offender (C4). We validated the subtypes by examining their differential associations with theoretically meaningful external correlates: Child conduct disorder symptoms; adult nonviolent and violent offenses; Self-Report Psychopathy; Psychopathic Personality Inventory; Symptom Checklist-90 Revised; and behavioral activation system and behavioral inhibition system scores. The discussion focused on conceptions of the PCL-R-based subgroups and their potential application to risk assessment and treatment/management programs.

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“…Both subtypes are prone to antisociality, however, only a small number of antisocial individuals meet the more specific criteria of “true” (primary) psychopathy, defined through personality traits like fearlessness (e.g., Hare, 2003; Widiger et al., 1996; see also section III of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [DSM‐5; American Psychiatric Association, DSM‐5 Task Force, 2013]). The distinction between primary and secondary psychopathy was confirmed recently by several other clinicians (see Mokros et al., 2020, for an overview) and received support from cluster‐based studies (e.g., Mokros et al., 2015; Olver et al., 2015; Poythress et al., 2010; Skeem et al., 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The joy of being frightened: Fear experience in psychopathy

Hofmann,

Mokros,

Schneider

2023

Journal of Personality

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ObjectivePsychopathic traits are associated with abnormalities in fear processing. While traditional theories focus on a lack of fear, Hosker‐Field et al. (2016) provided a new perspective. They suggested that individuals with elevated psychopathic traits may experience threatening situations with appreciation or positivity, resulting in reduced negative fear responses and heightened positive responses (fear enjoyment hypothesis, FEH).MethodOur study aimed to refine Hosker‐Field et al.'s (2016) study design, addressing methodological limitations and improving the inconsistent operationalization of fear experience in the literature. In an online sample of 353 participants from the general population, we examined the relationship between the FEH and relevant psychopathic traits, specifically those derived from the PCL‐R framework (i.e., SRP 4 Factor 1), and from a more trait‐based approach to psychopathy with assumed links to fearlessness (i.e., TriPM Boldness).ResultsBy employing linear mixed effect models, we extended Hosker‐Field et al.'s correlational analysis and provided further evidence for the FEH, particularly in relation to psychopathic traits measured using the PCL‐R framework. The results regarding Boldness, however, are somewhat inconclusive.ConclusionThe present study enhances existing research on fear deficits in psychopathy by assessing the subjective experience of individuals facing threat.

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Subtypes and Variations of Psychopathic Disorders

Cited by 6 publications

References 126 publications

The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale: Factor Structure and Validation of the Self-Report Version in a Forensic Sample of Belgian Youth

The Proposed Specifiers for Conduct Disorder (PSCD) Scale: Factor Structure and Validation of the Self-Report Version in a Forensic Sample of Belgian Youth

Validating latent profiles of the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised with a large sample of incarcerated men.

The joy of being frightened: Fear experience in psychopathy

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