Subtypes of autism by cluster analysis

Eaves, Linda C.; Ho, Helena H.; Eaves, David

doi:10.1007/bf02172209

Cited by 144 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Nevertheless, our recent work in Down syndrome indicates that social withdrawal scales are useful for distinguishing subjects with ASD from individuals with other behavioral conditions associated with this genetic disorder [Capone et al, 2005]. On the other hand, data on other behavioral measures suggest that in idiopathic ASD, there is a major link between social indifference or aloofness, but not avoidance, and the diagnosis of ASD [Eaves et al, 1994;Amaral et al, 2003]. Presently, it is not possible to identify the nature of the process underlying severe social withdrawal in FraX þ ASD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder in Fragile X syndrome: Differential contribution of adaptive socialization and social withdrawal

Budimirović

Bukelis

Cox

et al. 2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The present study extends our previous work on characterizing the profile of social behavior abnormalities in boys with Fragile X (FraX) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using clinically oriented behavioral rating scales and standardized instruments. The goal was to further distinguish behavioral parameters contributing to the diagnostic classification of FraX þ ASD. The study design included two cohorts of boys with FraX (3-8 years), a larger main cohort for crosssectional analyses (n ¼ 56, 24 with ASD), and a longitudinal subset (n ¼ 30, 11 with ASD) of the main cohort with up to 3 yearly observations. The focus was on the relative contribution of delayed adaptive socialization and social withdrawal, including item components of their corresponding rating instruments, to the diagnosis of ASD in boys with FraX. Using a combination of regression analyses, we demonstrated that: (1) as delayed socialization, social withdrawal is also a correlate of FraX þ ASD; (2) items of social withdrawal scales representing avoidance were the main predictors of ASD status, particularly in older boys; (3) adaptive socialization skills reflecting rules of social behavior and recognition and labeling of emotions, linked to verbal reasoning abilities, were selectively associated with FraX þ ASD; (4) adaptive socialization is the primary determinant over time of ASD status in boys with FraX; and (5) integrated adaptive socialization-social withdrawal models allow the identification of distinctive FraX þ ASD subgroups. Altogether, our findings suggest that two distinct but interrelated social behavior abnormalities, one linked to impaired cognitive processes (delayed socialization) and the second one to disturbance in limbic circuits (avoidance), play a role in the development of ASD in boys with FraX.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder in Fragile X syndrome: Differential contribution of adaptive socialization and social withdrawal

Budimirović

Bukelis

Cox

et al. 2006

American J of Med Genetics Pt A

130

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Numerous other studies have categorized children with autistic disorder into subgroups (Eaves et al 1994, Prior et al 1998, Stevens et al 2000. The methods used are based upon cluster analysis of the patients and the authors all conclude that subgrouping of patients with autism is both valid and essential.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluoxetine response in children with autistic spectrum disorders: correlation with familial major affective disorder and intellectual achievement

DeLong

Ritch

Burch

2002

Develop Med Child Neuro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

One hundred and twenty‐nine children, 2 to 8 years old, with idiopathic autistic spectrum disorder diagnosed by standard instruments (Childhood Austim Ratings Scale and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule) were treated with fluoxetine (0.15 to 0.5mg/kg) for 5 to 76 months (mean 32 to 36 months), with discontinuation trials. Response criteria are described. Family histories were obtained using the family history method in repeated interviews. Fluoxetine response, family history of major affective disorder, and unusual intellectual achievement, pretreatment language, and hyperlexia were used to define a coherent subgroup of autistic spectrum disorder. Statistical analyses were post hoc. Of the children, 22 (17%) had an excellent response, 67 (52%) good, and 40 (31%) fair/poor. Treatment age did not correlate with response. Fluoxetine response correlated robustly with familial major affective disorder and unusual intellectual achievement, and with hyperlexia in the child. Family history of bipolar disorder and of unusual intellectual achievement correlated strongly. Five children developed bipolar disorder during follow‐up. Fluoxetine response, family history of major affective disorder (especially bipolar), unusual achievement, and hyperlexia in the children appear to define a homogeneous autistic subgroup. Bipolar disorder, unusual intellectual achievement, and autistic spectrum disorders cluster strongly in families and may share genetic determinants.

show abstract

“…All PDD subtypes can co-occur with these disorders (Barnhill & Horrigan, 2002;Caron & Rutter, 1991;Eaves, Ho, & Eaves, 1994;Ehlers & Gillberg, 1993;Fombonne, 1998;McDougle et al, 1995;Ringman & Jankovic, 2000;. Hence, how far earlier findings reflect deficits specific to PDD subtypes or are due to comorbidity with disorders such as ADHD, OCD or TS is unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Executive Functioning in Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can We Differentiate Within the Spectrum?

Verté

Geurts

Roeyers

et al. 2006

J Autism Dev Disord

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Subtypes of autism by cluster analysis

Cited by 144 publications

References 22 publications

Autism spectrum disorder in Fragile X syndrome: Differential contribution of adaptive socialization and social withdrawal

Autism spectrum disorder in Fragile X syndrome: Differential contribution of adaptive socialization and social withdrawal

Fluoxetine response in children with autistic spectrum disorders: correlation with familial major affective disorder and intellectual achievement

Executive Functioning in Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Can We Differentiate Within the Spectrum?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About