Subwavelength silicon photonics for on-chip mode-manipulation

Li, Chenlei; Zhang, Ming; Xu, Hongnan; Tan, Ying; Shi, Yaocheng; Dai, Daoxin

doi:10.1186/s43074-021-00032-2

Cited by 78 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 278 publications

(367 reference statements)

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“…So far, most of the mid-infrared systems are based on benchtop instruments. Integrating critical components at the chip level [ 11 , 12 ] would be an indispensable choice to achieve higher reliability, lower cost, smaller footprint, and reduced power consumption [ 1 ]. Laser sources [ 13 ], amplifiers [ 14 ], low-loss waveguides [ 15 ], wavelength gratings [ 16 ], multiplexers [ 17 ], power splitters [ 18 ], resonators [ 15 ], switches [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], photodetectors [ 22 ], and other components for the integrated photonic circuit at MIR waveband have already been widely studied for lab-on-chip applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches with Graphene Heaters Operating at Mid-Infrared Waveband

Zhong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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The mid-infrared (MIR, 2–20 μm) waveband is of great interest for integrated photonics in many applications such as on-chip spectroscopic chemical sensing, and optical communication. Thermo-optic switches are essential to large-scale integrated photonic circuits at MIR wavebands. However, current technologies require a thick cladding layer, high driving voltages or may introduce high losses in MIR wavelengths, limiting the performance. This paper has demonstrated thermo-optic (TO) switches operating at 2 μm by integrating graphene onto silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures. The remarkable thermal and optical properties of graphene make it an excellent heater material platform. The lower loss of graphene at MIR wavelength can reduce the required cladding thickness for the thermo-optics phase shifter from micrometers to tens of nanometers, resulting in a lower driving voltage and power consumption. The modulation efficiency of the microring resonator (MRR) switch was 0.11 nm/mW. The power consumption for 8-dB extinction ratio was 5.18 mW (0.8 V modulation voltage), and the rise/fall time was 3.72/3.96 μs. Furthermore, we demonstrated a 2 × 2 Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) TO switch with a high extinction ratio of more than 27 dB and a switching rise/fall time of 4.92/4.97 μs. A comprehensive analysis of the device performance affected by the device structure and the graphene Fermi level was also performed. The theoretical figure of merit (2.644 mW−1μs−1) of graphene heaters is three orders of magnitude higher than that of metal heaters. Such results indicate graphene is an exceptional nanomaterial for future MIR optical interconnects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches with Graphene Heaters Operating at Mid-Infrared Waveband

Zhong

Zhang

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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“…Second, by engineering spatial profiles of the absorbed optical power, it is in principle able to control the specific trajectory of the in‐plane motion. This can be further used for modulating integrated optical circuits [ 30 ] by precisely controlling positions of gold plates on waveguides that can affect couplings between nearby waveguides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light‐Induced In‐Plane Rotation of Microobjects on Microfibers

Lyu

Tang

Yan

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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The transfer of momentum carried by photons into a microobject has been widely used to actuate the microobject. However, this scheme is defective in nonliquid environments due to the scale gap between friction force (μ$\umu $N) and optical force (pN). To overcome this problem, the researchers have recently proposed to take advantage of elastic waves induced by optical absorption. Grounded on this insight, here, the in‐plane rotation of a gold microplate in its surface contacting with a microfiber is demonstrated and characterized. The in‐plane rotation is actuated by laser pulses guided into the microfiber, and its speed increases with laser power. Furthermore, the underlying physical mechanisms supported with numerical simulations are examined, highlighting the joint role of the spatial gradient of optical absorption and the asymmetry in two wings of the plate. The combined experimental and theoretical results offer new insights into the study of the light‐induced actuation of the microobjects in nonliquid environments, an emerging field far from being mature in both comprehensive understanding and practical applications.

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“…In particular, subwavelength gratings (SWGs) have been widely used in silicon photonics for some special on-chip mode and polarization manipulation. [28] The refractive-index contrast for optical waveguides can be modified by simply changing the duty cycle of the SWG, and thus various functional elements have been developed, including highefficiency chip-fiber edge-couplers with a large fabrication tolerance, and low-phase-error multimode interferometers. [11,[29][30][31] Furthermore, ultracompact mode converters and multimode waveguide bends have also been demonstrated by locally engineering the index profile of a single optical waveguide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Multimode Waveguide Crossing Based on Anisotropic Subwavelength Gratings

Zhao

Peng

et al. 2022

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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Multimode waveguide crossings (MWCs) are becoming more and more important as one of the key elements for on-chip optical routing and cross-connection. However, it is still very challenging to achieve scalable MWCs with compact footprints, low excess losses (ELs), and low intermode cross-talks (CTs). This work demonstrates an unprecedented silicon MWC with high performances by using the anisotropy of one-/two-dimensional (1D/2D) subwavelength grating (SWG) structures. For the proposed silicon MWC, the 2D-SWG crossing region at the center has a higher refractive index than the 1D-SWG regions at both sides for the guided-modes of TE polarization, due to the anisotropy of the 1D/2D SWGs. As a result, the crossing region can be equivalent to a straight waveguide, and the launched TE modes can transmit through the crossing region with negligible ELs and low intermode CTs. Such an MWC can be scaled very flexibly and easily according to the new principle. The fabricated three-mode MWC with a footprint of 14.8 × 14.8 µm 2 shows ELs of <0.26 dB and intermode CTs of <−20 dB in the wavelength range of 1525-1605 nm.

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Subwavelength silicon photonics for on-chip mode-manipulation

Cited by 78 publications

References 278 publications

Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches with Graphene Heaters Operating at Mid-Infrared Waveband

Silicon Thermo-Optic Switches with Graphene Heaters Operating at Mid-Infrared Waveband

Light‐Induced In‐Plane Rotation of Microobjects on Microfibers

Silicon Multimode Waveguide Crossing Based on Anisotropic Subwavelength Gratings

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