Modern healthcare's need for knowledge sharing and bridging the researchpractice-gap requires new forms of collaboration, in which clinicians of varying clinical and research expertise work together over geographical and organisational borders. To support such distributed communities of practice (CoPs), an understanding of their collaboration processes, outcomes, challenges, and enablers is needed. The paper examines these issues through a case study of a long-running CoP, the Swedish Oral Medicine Network (SOMNet). SOMNet's main form of collaboration is monthly telephone conference meetings centred on case consultations. Cases are submitted by the clinicians via a Web-based system. The methods used were interviews, observations, and a questionnaire.The work adds to previous research by studying a distributed CoP explicitly focused on supporting the transfer of scientific results from researchers to practitioners.We found that the regular meetings give a rhythm to the community. The centrality of cases means an immediate benefit for the submitter while the share an overarching goal of general improvement and harmonisation of patient care.However, the present study focuses on distributed collaboration where there are more than two types of participants, which sets it apart from the common format of teleconsultations. The studied distributed CoP makes the case discussions available to a larger group of clinicians, while adding challenges related to handling a larger and heterogeneous group. This study also has commonalities with the format of the MDTM, but without the emphasis on the coordination between the different roles and disciplines involved in caring for a specific patient, and with more loosely coupled participants.Within the studied collaboration, there is little variation with respect to the discipline, but much variation in the other aspects, such as degree of specialisation, experience, focus on clinical work or on research, access to external evidence, location, and level of partici-
2004). Third, given that the single previously studied CoP aimed at sharing knowledge among researchers and practitioners is based on the sending of emails between com-