Success Rate and Possible Causes of Failures of Phase 3 Clinical Trials in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review

Ikeda, Mitsugu; Ochibe, Tatsuya; Tohkin, Masahiro

doi:10.4172/2167-0870.1000349

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A systemic review of 113 phase 3 clinical trials on breast cancer from 2011 to 2017 revealed an overall failure rate of 65% [51]. One of the reasons for this high failure rate is inability to exclude from clinical trials investigational drugs that are not effective in preclinical animal models.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis Patient-Derived Orthotopic Xenograft Model for Preclinical Studies

Oshi

Okano

Maiti

et al. 2020

Cancers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The vast majority of mortality in breast cancer results from distant metastasis. Brain metastases occur in as many as 30% of patients with advanced breast cancer, and the 1-year survival rate of these patients is around 20%. Pre-clinical animal models that reliably reflect the biology of breast cancer brain metastasis are needed to develop and test new treatments for this deadly condition. The patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model maintains many features of a donor tumor, such as intra-tumor heterogeneity, and permits the testing of individualized treatments. However, the establishment of orthotopic PDXs of brain metastasis is procedurally difficult. We have developed a method for generating such PDXs with high tumor engraftment and growth rates. Here, we describe this method and identify variables that affect its outcomes. We also compare the brain-orthotopic PDXs with ectopic PDXs grown in mammary pads of mice, and show that the responsiveness of PDXs to chemotherapeutic reagents can be dramatically affected by the site that they are in.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%