“…Collaborative (two-stage) exams have been successful in a variety of disciplines, including oceanography (Yuretich et al, 2001), geology (Knierim and Davis, 2015), biology (Leight et al, 2012), medicine (Lindsley et al, 2016), mechanical engineering (Fengler and Ostafichuk, 2015), and physics (Rieger and Heiner, 2014;Wieman et al, 2014). They have been shown to increase individual student knowledge and retention, for both high-and low-performing students (Gilley and Clarkston, 2014).…”