Successful Application of a Novel Fracturing Fluid in the Wasatch Formation in 
Eastern Utah

Dawson, Jeffrey D.; Le, Hoang M.; Cramer, Dave

doi:10.2523/49042-ms

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…However, the experimental results showed otherwise and actually the filter cakes generated by low polymer loadings were thinner and tougher compared to fracturing fluids with high polymer concentrations (Dawson et al 1998). Our results also is in agreement with the findings by Dawson et al (1998).…”

Section: Optimum Concentration Of Al-zr-based Crosslinkerssupporting

confidence: 95%

New Al-based and Dual Cross-linkers to Form a Strong Gel for Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments

Sokhanvarian

Nasr‐El‐Din

Harper³

2015

Europec 2015

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Hydraulic fracturing has been a common practice in US. The chemistry of hydraulic fracturing fluids is very complicated, which makes the optimization process challenging. In designing fracturing fluids, one of the major unknowns is the fluid chemistry. Therefore, understanding the chemistry and interactions between chemicals to form a strong gel is a must. A strong gel is a factor of different parameters such as polymer loadings, crosslinker concentrations, buffer systems, and temperatures.Different crosslinkers such as boron and several metals including titanium, zirconium, and aluminum have been used in the oil and gas industry. Aluminum and boron reside in the same group on the periodic table. The latter means that there are some similarities in their chemistry. Aluminum chemistry is critical in the preparation of highly effective aluminum-based crosslinkers. Therefore, the objective is to 1) investigate the performance of two new Al-based and Al-Zr-based crosslinkers to form a stable gel with Carboxymethyl hydroxypropyl guar (CMHPG) at high temperatures and shear rates, and 2) determine the leakoff rates of the cross-linked gels with the optimized formulations.New aluminum-based and aluminum-zirconium crosslinkers to form a stable gel with guar derivatives are studied. This study investigates various parameters including polymer loading, crosslinker concentrations, pH, and temperatures to form a high quality gel. High viscosity gels increases fracture width, and also can carry higher concentrations of proppant that leads to fluid loss decrease and enhances the propant transport.The results of this study indicate that Al-based crosslinkers at pH 10.8 and 3.8 are very effective in forming high quality gels that are stable at temperatures up to 250°F after 140 minutes. Varying shear rate is studied and the results showed that the Al-based crosslinkers in this study are stable at shear rate of 170 s Ϫ1 if an optimized formulations is chosen. It is found that forming a stable gel is strongly a function of concentrations of Al crosslinkers as shear rate increases. Time and temperatures delay in forming gels can be achieved through the optimization of pH, crosslinker concentrations, and polymer loadings.Extensive lab research and understanding the chemistry of crosslinkers help to design a successful field treatment.

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Section: Optimum Concentration Of Al-zr-based Crosslinkerssupporting

confidence: 95%

New Al-based and Dual Cross-linkers to Form a Strong Gel for Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments

Sokhanvarian

Nasr‐El‐Din

Harper³

2015

Europec 2015

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“…With effective breakers the wells clean-up in a shorter period of time and minimize sand pack impairment caused by degraded polymer fragments. 6 The high yielding carboxymethylate guar (CMG) is a single derivative guar. The polymer having a high molecular weight is structurally altered to permit maximum polymer expansion.…”

Section: Codell Restimulation Historymentioning

confidence: 99%

Codell Restimulations Evolve to 200% Rate of Return

Emrich¹,

Shaw²,

Reasoner³

et al. 2001

Proceedings of SPE Production and Operations Symposium

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TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax 01-972-952-9435. AbstractThe Codell formation is a low permeability, clay rich, late Cretaceous age sandstone within the Wattenberg field of the DJ Basin. Since 1997 over 1500 Codell wells have been restimulated. Results on the past 200 refractured Codell wells using a reduced CMG polymer fluid system have yielded incremental monthly production results in excess of 1900 BOE/well or approximately 80% of the original initial production. Success of this program is believed to be the combination of stringent well selection criteria, high fluid quality control guidelines and effective operational field practices. It is believed that due to this recent success in restimulating the Codell, over 4000 additional wells within the DJ Basin may be restimulated with economic benefits. This paper will discuss completion history of the Codell formation and how criteria from candidate selection to fluid quality may impact the success of such a program.

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“…[1][2][3][4] Injecting less polymer into the formation leaves less polymer residue in the proppant pack to cause damage. Fluids having 15-to 25-lbm/Mgal polymer concentration have been optimized to produce viscosities similar to the 30-to 40-lbm/Mgal fracturing fluids of the previous generation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Control of Low-Polymer Fracturing Fluids

Harris

Harold

2000

Proceedings of SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition

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fax 01-972-952-9435.References at the end of the paper. AbstractProductivity gains experienced with low-polymer-concentration fracturing fluids are real. When less polymer is injected into the formation, less polymer residue remains in the proppant pack to cause damage. The 15-to 25-lbm/Mgal polymer concentration fluids now being used have been optimized to produce viscosities similar to the 30-to 40-lbm/Mgal fracturing fluids of the previous generation.Optimization is a laborious, but straightforward process with a traditional couette-type viscometer. Selected polymercrosslinker combinations are tested to find the highest viscosity possible for the group as a function of preconditioning shear rate, temperature range, pH, ionic strength, gel stabilizer, gel breaker, surfactant, and proppant type. As each variable is optimized, its effect on the other variables must be examined to ensure the consistency of the data. If the data are consistent, mathematical modeling can be performed. Good computer models allow the practicing engineer to determine the chemical composition of a fluid required for producing a specific viscosity at a given time and temperature.The second requirement for real-time control is knowledge of the fluid temperature in the wellbore and fracture as a function of the pumping schedule (i.e., rate, volume, distance, etc.). Computer design programs can generate a pumping schedule that is ramped between chemical and proppant stages, or at least to a much larger number than the three or four stages typically used for older-generation designs. For true real-time implementation, field-scale equipment must also be able to implement the pumping schedule seamlessly.For well productivity, only chemicals required for the specific fluid segment should be pumped, without any excess. Pumping a truly optimized fluid means that the treatment is always on the edge of its performance capabilities. This paper will document the multiple effects of fluid composition on optimized viscosity, and quantify the effects on proppant transport for treatments performed at temperatures up to 300°F.

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Successful Application of a Novel Fracturing Fluid in the Wasatch Formation in Eastern Utah

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

New Al-based and Dual Cross-linkers to Form a Strong Gel for Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments

New Al-based and Dual Cross-linkers to Form a Strong Gel for Hydraulic Fracturing Treatments

Codell Restimulations Evolve to 200% Rate of Return

Real-Time Control of Low-Polymer Fracturing Fluids

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