SUMMARY Three patients with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease, who had previously undergone Blalock-Taussig shunt operations, developed severe stenoses at the pulmonary anastomosis of the shunts. All were successfully treated with balloon dilatation, which can thus be considered an effective alternative to reoperation.When a Blalock-Taussig shunt becomes stenosed the therapeutic options include the creation of another systemic-pulmonary artery shunt or, if suitable, correction of the underlying cardiac malformation earlier than planned. Balloon angioplasty has been used for successful dilatation of a wide range of arterial stenoses and new applications continue to be reported. We report the successful dilatation of severely stenosed Blalock-Taussig shunts in three children with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease.
Patients and methodsThree children underwent percutaneous balloon dilatation of stenosed Blalock-Taussig shunts. The group consisted of a three year old boy with Down's syndrome, tetralogy of Fallot, and complete atrioventricular septal defect (patient 1); a nine year old girl with a common atrioventricular valve connection to a morphologically left ventricle and pulmonary atresia (patient 2); and a 12 year old boy with dextrocardia, situs solitus, atrioventricular concordance, a straddling right atrioventricular valve, ventricular septal defect, transposition of the great arteries, and pulmonary atresia (patient 3).Patient 1 developed cyanotic spells at the age of two years three months and had a right BlalockTaussig shunt operation. Seven months later he became more cyanosed and shunt angiography showed a discrete and severe stenosis at the anastomosis of the shunt (fig 1). Present address and requests for reprints to Dr Shakeel A Qureshi, Department of Paediatric Cardiology, Guy's Hospital, St Thomas Street, London SEI 9RT.Accepted for publication 24 January 1989 Patient 2 had a right Blalock-Taussig shunt operation when she was one year old. A year later, because of increasing cyanosis, a left Blalock-Taussig shunt was performed. At the age of eight years, she became more cyanosed. Angiocardiography and shunt angiography showed moderately severe atrioventricular valve regurgitation and severe stenosis at the anastomoses of both the shunts.Patient 3 had a right Blalock-Taussig shunt at the age of one month. Five years later, a left modified Blalock-Taussig shunt with a 6 mm diameter