“…Although we and others have shown the feasibility of transfection of islets with nonviral vectors (Kenmochi et al, 1998;Lakey et al, 2001b;Mahato et al, 2003;Narang et al, 2004Narang et al, , 2005, transfection efficiency remains low. Further efforts are needed to investigate the role of plasmid vector and gene carrier design considerations to improve transfection efficiency.…”