Successful remunicipalization processes in Italian waste management: Triggers, key success factors, and results

Abstract

In recent years, many countries have experienced remunicipalization in the public service sector, especially in the fields of water and urban waste management. Using a multiple-case design, examining five successful urban waste management remunicipalizations in Italy, this study investigates the triggers, key success factors, and results of this process. We find that remunicipalization is triggered by the simultaneous occurrence of motivations and opportunities, and the presence of one or a few fully committed actors. This process, in turn, results in significant improvements in a company’s performance from a triple bottom line perspective, provided that certain key success factors—regarding the municipality, the utility and its management, and stakeholder relationships—are met. The external context provides legal and institutional conditions that affect the overall process, triggers, and results. Points for practitioners Remunicipalization debate needs an in-depth analysis of municipalities that have experienced this process and insights into the triggers, processes, and impact of remunicipalisation. Experiences unfold through three main phases. Efficiency and meeting performance targets are important but should be balanced with other values linked with the well-being of communities. The process is triggered by simultaneous motivations and opportunities and by one or a few fully committed key actors. Remunicipalization induces significant firm performance improvements from a triple bottom line perspective.

Introducing a system operator in the waste management industry by adapting lessons from the energy sector

“…The organizational architecture must take into account the various actors: the central government defining the national waste management plan; regions defining national waste management plans; municipalities for collection and transport activity coordination; a dedicated authority for economic, technical, and commercial quality regulation (Rodrigues et al, 2018;Dagiliene et al, 2021). Many countries have experienced re-municipalisation in the public service sector, with no exception for urban waste management (Romano et al, 2022). Because waste management is also at the heart of the ecological transition process (European environmental sustainability goals, public purpose of general interest), it has traits in common with other sectors, such as energy.…”