Successful Restoration of an Acidified Native Brook Trout Stream through Mitigation with Limestone Sand

Hudy, Mark; Downey, D.; Bowman, Darrell W.

doi:10.1577/1548-8675(2000)020<0453:sroaan>2.3.co;2

Cited by 32 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The sampling protocol consisted of single-pass electrofishing surveys of the entire watershed during July 2004 (Fridley Gap, FG) and August 2010 (Above Switzer Dam, hereafter Above Switzer, AS; and Little River, LR). Sampling during late summer allowed age-0 brook trout to become large enough to be captured efficiently while still enabling year-class differentiation based upon length (Hudy et al 2000). Additionally, habitat area was reduced at this time, which allowed larger watersheds to be surveyed.…”

Section: Brook Trout Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This potential problem can be overcome by restricting analyses to a single cohort or age-class. For stream-dwelling brook trout the likely target age-class would be age-0 individuals as they are usually readily distinguishable based on body size (Hudy et al 2000). Use of a sufficient number of age-0 individuals yields an unbiased estimate of N b , the effective number of parents or breeding adults of the age-0 cohort (Waples 2010).…”

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Sampling strategies for estimating brook trout effective population size

et al. 2012

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The influence of sampling strategy on estimates of effective population size (N e ) from single-sample genetic methods has not been rigorously examined, though these methods are increasingly used. For headwater salmonids, spatially close kin association among age-0 individuals suggests that sampling strategy (number of individuals and location from which they are collected) will influence estimates of N e through family representation effects. We collected age-0 brook trout by completely sampling three headwater habitat patches, and used microsatellite data and empirically parameterized simulations to test the effects of different combinations of sample size (S = 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, or 200) and number of equally-spaced sample starting locations (SL = 1, 2, 3, 4, or random) on estimates of mean family size and effective number of breeders (N b ). Both S and SL had a strong influence on estimates of mean family size andN b ; however the strength of the effects varied among habitat patches that varied in family spatial distributions. The sampling strategy that resulted in an optimal balance between precise estimates of N b and sampling effort regardless of family structure occurred with S = 75 and SL = 3. This strategy limited bias by ensuring samples contained individuals from a high proportion of available families while providing a large enough sample size for precise estimates. Because this sampling effort performed well for populations that vary in family structure, it should provide a generally applicable approach for genetic monitoring of iteroparous headwater stream fishes that have overlapping generations.

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Section: Brook Trout Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sampling strategies for estimating brook trout effective population size

et al. 2012

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“…Water chemistry often improves, but the change is typically spatially and temporally variable (McClurg et al 2007). In some cases, an improvement in water chemistry is accompanied by increased invertebrate and fish abundance and diversity (e.g., Hudy et al 2000). However, in many cases, liming has improved water chemistry but yielded only limited restoration of the abundance or diversity of invertebrates and fish (e.g., Eggleton et al 1996, McClurg et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These activities have resulted in streams that span a gradient in acidity and the influence of changing acidity on invertebrate and fish assemblages is well studied (e.g., Hudy et al 2000, McClurg et al 2007). The responses of microbial assemblages and ecosystem function to altered acidity are more poorly known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in ecosystem function in Appalachian streams along an acidity gradient

Simon

Benfield

2009

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Acidification is a widespread phenomenon that damages aquatic systems, and it has been the focus of intensive management efforts. While most management has focused on community structure as an endpoint, ecosystem function is also sensitive to acidification and important in stream health. We examined how a key ecosystem function in streams, leaf breakdown, varied along a gradient of pH resulting from acid deposition, natural conditions, and liming. We also measured how invertebrate and microbial assemblage structure and microbial function were related to altered leaf breakdown rates. Leaf breakdown rates declined more than threefold along a gradient of stream acidity from pH 6.8 to 4.9. The diversity of leaf-shredding invertebrates, bacteria, and fungi showed little response to variation in pH. The abundance of one acid-sensitive caddisfly, Lepidostoma, declined with acidification, and Lepidostoma abundance explained 37% of the variation in leaf breakdown rates among sites. Microbial respiration was suppressed along the acidity gradient, although the pattern was weaker than that for breakdown rate. In short-term laboratory incubations, microbes at acidic and circumneutral sites demonstrated adaptation to ambient pH. The activity of microbial extracellular enzymes was strongly influenced by pH. In particular, the pattern of activity of phosphatase indicated increasing P limitation of microbes with increasing acidification. Our results show that leaf breakdown is a sensitive tool for examining the response of stream function to acidification and also for defining the mechanisms that drive functional response. Future management efforts should focus on key taxa that are particularly sensitive and effective at shredding leaves and also the role of shifting acidity in mediating the availability of phosphorus to microbial films that are important for stream function.

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“…However, some efforts have been made to titrate acid in polluted surface waters with base material, including both whole lake treatment and watershed liming (Fraser and Britt 1982, Fraser et al 1985, Brown 1988, Schreiber 1996, Wright et al 1996, Calderoni and Tartari 2000, Gunn et al 2001. Limestone, which is a natural material consisting primarily of calcium and magnesium carbonates, is often used for both stream (Downey et al 1994, Hudy et al 2000 and lake liming treatments. Limestone dissolves and releases carbonate ions, which are protonated by available hydronium ions to yield bicarbonate ions, which thus provide the necessary ANC to buffer acidity and raise pH.…”

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confidence: 99%