Successful Surgical Outcome of Feline Inductive Odontogenic Tumor in Three Cats

Abstract

Background/Aim: A feline inductive odontogenic tumor (FIOT) is a rare type of tumor that is unique to young cats. Case Report: Herein, we report on three cats (aged 6 months to 2.5 years) that had a bulging mass on the maxilla. On diagnostic imaging, cases 1 and 3 had bone expansion in the affected area, and all three cats were diagnosed with FIOT by histological examination. Maxillectomy and/or incisivectomy techniques were performed according to the tumor site with an intended surgical margin of 5 mm. To increase both precision and safety, a piezoelectric surgical instrument was used. The local advancement flaps were used to repair the surgical sites. The surgical outcomes were excellent, and there were no major complications related to the surgery or tumor recurrences during long-term follow-up (3-5 years) for any of the cats. Conclusion: The results from this study were excellent, which may have been due in part to the choice of the surgical instrument that allowed for the implementation of precise and accurate surgical excision and the tension-free flap method for preventing dehiscence of the surgical site.In general, most oral tumors in cats are malignant (1). Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral tumor in cats, followed by fibrosarcoma ( 1). An odontogenic tumor is a rare type of oral tumor in cats that arises from remnants of embryonic tissues destined to develop into teeth and associated structures (2, 3). Odontogenic tumors are classified by their differentiated cell types and inductive properties (4). A feline inductive odontogenic tumor (FIOT) develops from the odontogenic epithelium and induces mesenchymal elements to form aggregated dental papillae (4).FIOT has been misdiagnosed as ameloblastoma, ameloblastic fibroma, and inductive fibroameloblastoma. However, it is mostly confused with ameloblastoma (5). Feline ameloblastoma is similar to FIOT; however, only epithelial proliferation is observed, and inductive properties are not present in the former. Additionally, feline ameloblastoma occurs in both the maxilla and mandible with equal frequency in cats aged 6 years and older (6).FIOT is unique to young cats (usually 8-18 months) and occurs with equal frequency in males and females (4, 7, 8). It usually occurs in the rostral maxilla and can be associated with missing teeth (4, 7). Although FIOT is benign, it is locally invasive and causes expansion of the bone. Thus, the recommended treatment is surgical excision, which includes a maxillectomy or mandibulectomy (6,8,9). If clean margins are achieved during surgical excision, the prognosis of FIOT is good (10).Additionally, to improve the surgical results, a piezoelectric surgical instrument is used in these cases. This 225

Surgical treatment of feline inductive odontogenic tumor by marginal resection in a cat

“…Despite being benign tumors, FIOTs are thought to be locally invasive and are usually treated with surgical excision, including maxillary or mandibular resection [ 2 , 4 , 6 , 12 ]. These tumors have a favorable prognosis when surgical excision achieves clean margins [ 1 , 8 , 12 ]. Previous reports have shown positive prognoses following extensive excision of FIOTs including adjacent bone resection [ 1 , 8 ].…”

“…These tumors have a favorable prognosis when surgical excision achieves clean margins [ 1 , 8 , 12 ]. Previous reports have shown positive prognoses following extensive excision of FIOTs including adjacent bone resection [ 1 , 8 ]. The present report describes the details and surgical management of a specific case that was successfully performed without resorting to radical maxillectomy.…”

“…Several studies have reported that FIOTs in cats grow over a short period and repeatedly recur in cases when treatment is inadequate [ 1 , 8 , 19 ]. In this case, the recurrence occurred after removal by a referral veterinarian, and a significant increase in tumor size was apparent two weeks after the biopsy obtained at our animal hospital.…”

“…A feline inductive odontogenic tumor is a benign odontogenic tumor derived from odontogenic cells of the tooth plate epithelium [ 5 , 18 , 19 ]. Several reports with radiographic images of FIOT have shown infiltration into the surrounding cortical bone [ 3 , 8 , 14 ]. In contrast, there are pathologists who disagree that an FIOT is invariably an infiltrative lesion [ 12 ].…”