Successful Treatment and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Confirmation of Tyzzer's Disease in a Foal and Clinical and Pathologic Characteristics of 6 Additional Foals (1986–2005)

Abstract

Although the mortality rate of Tyzzer's disease is high, successful outcome is possible if intensive care is initiated promptly. PCR can be used for early and specific diagnosis.

Specific IgE to Respiratory Allergens and IgG Antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and Streptococcus pneumoniae in Norwegian Military Recruits

“…However, conflicting results have been reported regarding the association between toxoplasmosis and allergy [8–13]. There are also conflicting findings regarding the link between respiratory infections and allergy, as reviewed in [7, 14, 15]. The studies reviewed mainly compared rates of viral infections and allergy, and little data exist regarding respiratory infections by encapsulated bacteria and allergy [16–18].…”

Septic peritonitis in a Percheron mare associated withClostridium haemolyticum

“…), hepatic disease ( C. piliforme ) (Borchers et al . ), neuromuscular disease ( C. botulinum, C. tetani ) (Smith and George ; Johnson et al . ), or myositis (most commonly C. perfringens and C. sordelli) (Adam and Southwood ).…”

Pathology in Practice

“…The histopathologic lesions in the liver were characterized by disseminated foci of hepatic necrosis, accompanied by intrahepatocytic filamentous bacteria at the interface between necrotic and non-necrotic parenchyma, which are pathognomonic for infection with C piliforme, or Tyzzer' s disease. [3][4][5] The pathogenesis of Tyzzer' s disease is not completely understood; however, ingestion of infective spores from the environment is likely. The causative agent is a motile, filamentous, spore-forming, gram-negative bacterium, and disease typically develops in young, stressed, or immunosuppressed animals following infection.…”

“…The causative agent is a motile, filamentous, spore-forming, gram-negative bacterium, and disease typically develops in young, stressed, or immunosuppressed animals following infection. 4,5 Hematologic and biochemical alterations can comprise increases in activities of liver enzymes (eg, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase), hyperbilirubinemia, leukopenia, hemoconcentration, and, terminally, profound hypoglycemia. Clostridium piliforme usually causes sporadic disease, which has been observed in many species of domestic, wild, and laboratory animals, including rodents, lagomorphs, dogs, cats, horses, birds, and primates.…”

“…2 Stressful situations, including cold weather, may have had an influence on the illness in the oryx of this report. 4 Hepatic changes may be severe enough to cause CNS damage (ie, hepatic encephalopathy). [3][4][5] The pathogenesis of Tyzzer' s disease is not completely understood; however, ingestion of infective spores from the environment is likely.…”