Successful treatment of largemouth bass, <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> (L.), with epitheliocystis hyperinfection

Goodwin, Andrew E.; Park, E; Nowak, Barbara F.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00662.x

Cited by 27 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…While the cyst location at the base of the lamellae and the general morphology of the cysts are consistent with previous reports (12,13,(42)(43)(44)(45)(46), the proliferative response of the YTK in this study was different than the response in Atlantic salmon. In salmonids, epitheliocystis infection was associated only with mild lesions of the branchial epithelium, and any proliferative response was not associated with epitheliocystis (25,33).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Molecular Characterization of “Candidatus Parilichlamydia carangidicola,” a Novel Chlamydia-Like Epitheliocystis Agent in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes), and the Proposal of a New Family, “Candidatus Parilichlamydiaceae” fam. nov. (Order Chlamydiales)

Stride

Miller

Groff

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

e Three cohorts of farmed yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) from South Australia were examined for Chlamydia-like organisms associated with epitheliocystis. To characterize the bacteria, 38 gill samples were processed for histopathology, electron microscopy, and 16S rRNA amplification, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Microscopically, the presence of membrane-enclosed cysts was observed within the gill lamellae. Also observed was hyperplasia of the epithelial cells with cytoplasmic vacuolization and fusion of the gill lamellae. Transmission electron microscopy revealed morphological features of the reticulate and intermediate bodies typical of members of the order Chlamydiales. A novel 1,393-bp 16S chlamydial rRNA sequence was amplified from gill DNA extracted from fish in all cohorts over a 3-year period that corresponded to the 16S rRNA sequence amplified directly from laser-dissected cysts. This sequence was only 87% similar to the reported "Candidatus Piscichlamydia salmonis" (AY462244) from Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr. Phylogenetic analysis of this sequence against 35 Chlamydia and Chlamydialike bacteria revealed that this novel bacterium belongs to an undescribed family lineage in the order Chlamydiales. Based on these observations, we propose this bacterium of yellowtail kingfish be known as "Candidatus Parilichlamydia carangidicola" and that the new family be known as "Candidatus Parilichlamydiaceae."

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Molecular Characterization of “Candidatus Parilichlamydia carangidicola,” a Novel Chlamydia-Like Epitheliocystis Agent in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes), and the Proposal of a New Family, “Candidatus Parilichlamydiaceae” fam. nov. (Order Chlamydiales)

Stride

Miller

Groff

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Candidatus Amphibiichlamydia ranarum JN402380 moides, and the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar (9,28). Epithelial hyperplasia, epithelial lifting along the lamellae, and lamellar fusion in the striped trumpeter were observed, although the filling of the interlamellar spaces was not as severe as that in previous reports.…”

Section: Simkania Negevensis Fr872582mentioning

confidence: 48%

“…Epitheliocystis is now known to affect Ͼ80 different species of fish (7,10), and intriguingly, from all of these reports, it appears that the host responses considered to be severe or as having a hyperinfection are all from farmed fish (14)(15)(16)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Molecular diagnostics confirmed that this CLO, from both cultured and wild sources, is a member of the order Chlamydiales, based on the Ͼ80% sequence similarity to other species in the order (18).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Molecular Characterization of “Candidatus Similichlamydia latridicola” gen. nov., sp. nov. (Chlamydiales: “Candidatus Parilichlamydiaceae”), a Novel Chlamydia-Like Epitheliocystis Agent in the Striped Trumpeter, Latris lineata (Forster)

Stride

Miller

Nowak

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

c Histological analysis of gill samples taken from individuals of Latris lineata reared in aquaculture in Tasmania, Australia, and those sampled from the wild revealed the presence of epitheliocystis-like basophilic inclusions. Subsequent morphological, in situ hybridization, and molecular analyses were performed to confirm the presence of this disease and discovered a Chlamydialike organism associated with this condition, and the criteria set by Fredericks and Relman's postulates were used to establish disease causation. Three distinct 16S rRNA genotypes were sequenced from 16 fish, and phylogenetic analyses of the nearly fulllength 16S rRNA sequences generated for this bacterial agent indicated that they were nearly identical novel members of the order Chlamydiales. This new taxon formed a well-supported clade with "Candidatus Parilichlamydia carangidicola" from the yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi). On the basis of sequence divergence over the 16S rRNA region relative to all other members of the order Chlamydiales, a new genus and species are proposed here for the Chlamydia-like bacterium from L. lineata, i.e., "Candidatus Similichlamydia latridicola" gen. nov., sp. nov.

show abstract

“…Several authors have described significant proliferative reactions, with severe epithelial cell hyperplasia being the most common observation focused mainly in the lamellae of the gills and pseudobranch (Paperna 1977, Bradley et al 1988, Goodwin et al 2005. In other cases, the host response is benign, expressed as limited hyperplasia and encapsulation of the cyst with one or more concentric squamous epithelial layers (Turnbull 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These inclusions progressively enlarge, resulting in hypertrophied cells that resemble spherical cysts. Although the pathogen cannot be cultured, and therefore Koch's postulate with experimental challenges has yet to be demonstrated, mortalities have been associated with the presence of the bacterium (Paperna 1977, Bradley et al 1988, Venizelos & Benetti 1996, Crespo et al 2001, Goodwin et al 2005. Mortalities (4 to 100%) and prevalence (20 to 100%) of the disease varies depending on fish species, developmental stage of the host, and intensity of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe mortality in mesocosm-reared sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo larvae due to epitheliocystis infection

Katharios¹,

Papadaki²,

Papandroulakis³

et al. 2008

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper describes severe mortalities recorded in sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo larvae reared in mesocosms. The mortalities were attributed to epitheliocystis infection. The pathology associated with the disease is described using histological techniques. Microscopical examination showed a massive infection of the skin, fins, and oral cavity, with impaired feeding, respiration, and osmoregulation being the most likely cause of death. This is the first report of epitheliocystis disease in sharpsnout sea bream and in fish at such an early developmental stage. KEY WORDS: Epitheliocystis · Chlamydia · Sea bream · Fish larva · Disease · Mortality Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 82: [55][56][57][58][59][60] 2008 toral well (salinity 32 ppt) at a rate that progressively increased from 5% daily at the beginning to 50% daily by 25 d post hatching (dph). The fish were fed on enriched rotifers Brachionus plicatilis and enriched Artemia sp. nauplii, while microalgae Chlorella minutissima were added daily in the rearing water. Temperature ranged between 21 and 23°C.Epizootiology of infection. The earliest mortalities among sharpsnout sea bream larvae were recorded at 7 dph while the latest (in terms of mortality onset) were recorded at 20 dph. All 5 tanks were severely affected by the disease with final mortalities reaching 100% within 25 d. Moribund fish were lethargic and cachectic, swimming at the surface of the water. Sampling to assess the intensity and prevalence of infection was performed every second day, and 15 to 20 fish from each population were examined fresh under a stereoscope.Histology. Twenty larvae (15 dph) with signs of the disease (spherical cysts in the integument) were killed with a high dose of the anesthetic 2-phenoxyethanol and preserved for histology.For the histological examination, the larvae were fixed in 4:1 formaldehyde:glutaraldehyde (McDowell & Trump 1976), dehydrated in a 70 to 95% ethanol series, and embedded in glycol methacrylate resin (Technovit 7100, Heraeus Kulzer). Serial sections were obtained at a thickness of 3 to 5 µm on a microtome (Leica RM 2245) using disposable blades. After drying, slides were stained with methylene blue/azure II/basic fuchsin (Bennett et al. 1976), Gram stain, and Giemsa and examined under a light microscope (Leica DMLB). Microphotographs were taken with an ALTRA 20 digital camera attached to the microscope and analyzed using the ImagePro 6.1 (MediaCybernetics) image analysis system. RESULTSAll fresh specimens grossly examined under the stereoscope had numerous cysts in the skin and the oral cavity (100% prevalence), with the majority of the fish being hyper-infected. Most of the live larvae that were grossly examined had more than 30 cysts in the integument. The cysts were circular and ellipsoid with yellowish and brownish coloration (Fig. 1).Light microscopy observations under high magnification (×1000) of both fresh and sectioned specimens revealed that the cysts were actua...

show abstract

Successful treatment of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides (L.), with epitheliocystis hyperinfection

Cited by 27 publications

References 10 publications

Molecular Characterization of “Candidatus Parilichlamydia carangidicola,” a Novel Chlamydia-Like Epitheliocystis Agent in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes), and the Proposal of a New Family, “Candidatus Parilichlamydiaceae” fam. nov. (Order Chlamydiales)

Molecular Characterization of “Candidatus Parilichlamydia carangidicola,” a Novel Chlamydia-Like Epitheliocystis Agent in Yellowtail Kingfish, Seriola lalandi (Valenciennes), and the Proposal of a New Family, “Candidatus Parilichlamydiaceae” fam. nov. (Order Chlamydiales)

Molecular Characterization of “Candidatus Similichlamydia latridicola” gen. nov., sp. nov. (Chlamydiales: “Candidatus Parilichlamydiaceae”), a Novel Chlamydia-Like Epitheliocystis Agent in the Striped Trumpeter, Latris lineata (Forster)

Severe mortality in mesocosm-reared sharpsnout sea bream Diplodus puntazzo larvae due to epitheliocystis infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About