Successful Treatment of Oxidative Stress in Vitiligo

Schallreuter, Karin U.

doi:10.1159/000029867

Cited by 59 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Removal of H 2 O 2 by antioxidant has been proven to be beneficial to patients. Several reports suggested that a topical substitution with a UVB-activated pseudocatalase can successfully remove epidermal H 2 O 2 and achieve remarkable repigmentation in vitiligo (13,14). In contrast, other researchers found that topical pseudocatalase was not effective for vitiligo in an open, single-center study (15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minocycline protects melanocytes against H2O2-inducedcell death via JNK and p38 MAPK pathways

Song

Xu²,

Pan³

et al. 2008

Int J Mol Med

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Abstract.Vitiligo is an acquired and progressive disorder manifested by the selective destruction of melanocytes in the skin. An extremely high level of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) in plasma as well as in lesional skin has been reported in vitiligo patients. High H 2 O 2 level has been suggested to be responsible for the disappearance of melanocytes in vitiligo. JNK and p38 MAPK are strongly induced by oxidative stress and related to neuron loss in neurodegenerative disorders. Minocycline, an antibiotic possessing antioxidant activity, is capable of attenuating oxidative stress-induced neurotoxicity. To investigate whether minocycline rescues melanocytes from H 2 O 2 -induced apoptosis, cultured mouse melanocytes (B10BR) were treated with H 2 O 2 in the presence or absence of minocycline. Our data showed that H 2 O 2 decreases cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner which is attenuated by minocycline. Also, H 2 O 2 treatment activates JNK and p38 MAPK, and executive caspase 3 in B10BR cells. Minocycline significantly inhibits H 2 O 2 -induced activation of JNK, p38 MAPK and caspase 3. Collectively, we concluded that minocycline protects melanocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis in vitro. Its protective effect is associated with the inhibition of JNK and p38 MAPK. Our findings suggest that minocycline, a clinically well-tolerated, safe antibiotic, may be used to prevent melanocyte loss in the early stage of vitiligo.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minocycline protects melanocytes against H2O2-inducedcell death via JNK and p38 MAPK pathways

Song

Xu²,

Pan³

et al. 2008

Int J Mol Med

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“…Raman spectroscopy was used to provide the first description of increased H 2 O 2 epidermal production, followed by reports that even non-epidermal and non-ontogenetic related cells have an altered redox status [10,11,12,13,14]. It is tempting to speculate that H 2 O 2 -mediated alteration of proteins and peptides may lead to the development of antibodies against those ‘foreign’ antigens, which could explain the increase in antibodies in patients with vitiligo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation Levels Differentially Impact Melanocytes: Low versus High Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes Melanin Synthesis and Melanosome Transfer

Tang¹,

Li²,

Xiao³

et al. 2012

Dermatology

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Background: UVB light can generate potentially harmful hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in vivo, but it can also promote the beneficial proliferation and migration of melanocytes. The successful use of UVB monotherapy for treatment of vitiligo suggests that H₂O₂ may have a biphasic effect on melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer. Objective: To study the beneficial role of H₂O₂ on melanogenesis and melanosome transport in living melanocytes and keratinocytes. Methods: A co-culture system model was constructed using the primary human melanocytes and keratinocytes. The MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay was used to determine cell proliferation, NaOH was used to determine the melanin content, and real-time PCR was used to determine tyrosinase expression. Western blot was used to determine Rab-27A and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) expression. Results: This study demonstrated that tyrosinase was activated by low concentrations of H₂O₂ (≤0.3 mM); however, this activity was downregulated by high concentrations of H₂O₂ (>0.3 mM). Activation of high levels of melanin synthesis was induced when cells were treated with low concentrations of H₂O₂ (0.3 mM). Further observation using an in vitro co-culture system of fluorescein (carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester, CFDA-SE)-labeled melanocytes and keratinocytes indicated that melanosome transfer occurred in normal human epidermal melanocytes. Fluorescence microscopy revealed increased melanosome transfer into keratinocytes treated with 0.3 mM H₂O₂ in the co-culture compared to the control. Examination of melanosomes in the keratinocytes by flow cytometry confirmed these results. Furthermore, treatment with H₂O₂ (0.3 mM) upregulated the expression of Rab-27A and PAR-2, significant proteins involved in melanosome transfer, according to Western blot. Conclusion: These results confirmed that low concentration levels of H₂O₂ play a major role in the regulation of human pigmentation by increasing melanin synthesis and melanosome transfer.

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“…Total H 2 O 2 was visualized as a well defined peak at 875 cm 1 based on the oxygen-oxygen (O-O) stretch vibration. 9,10 The results are presented in arbitrary units. This method is sensitive for concentrations down to the millimolar range.…”

Section: Ft-raman Spectroscopic Analysis Of H 2 Omentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3 -12 Extremely high concentrations of epidermal H 2 O 2 together with low catalase levels have been identified in vitro and in vivo in this disorder. 6,9,10,12,13 However, the missing catalase activities can be substituted with a low-dose narrowband UVB-activated pseudocatalase (PC-KUS) which consequently removes the high H 2 O 2 levels from the skin of these patients, leading to initiation of repigmentation and to recovery from vacuolation in the epidermal cells. 6,9 -13 The time course for repigmentation varies considerably, but repigmentation can even be achieved in long-term vitiligo.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo identification of ‘pseudocatalase’ activity in Dead Sea water using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy

Schallreuter

Moore

Behrens‐Williams

et al. 2002

J Raman Spectroscopy

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Balneotherapy with Dead Sea water has been reported as a successful treatment modality for psoriasis, atopic eczema and vitiligo, but the precise mode of action has escaped definition so far. The saturating salt concentration (346 g/litre) together with the unique UV spectrum have been suggested to trigger the release of pro-inflammatory and chemotactic mediators. The results of our study show for the first time a high content of transition metal ions (manganese, iron and copper) in Dead Sea water. Using in vitro Fourier transform (FT) Raman spectroscopy, we were able to identify 'pseudocatalase' activity by observing the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) over time by Dead Sea water. Since patients with vitiligo accumulate millimolar levels of H 2 O 2 in their skin, we followed the degradation of H 2 O 2 in vivo again utilizing the same technique. The results of this in vitro and in vivo study show for the first time a 'pseudocatalase' activity of Dead Sea water and provide evidence that the antioxidant properties of Dead Sea water bathing could play an important role in this unique treatment modality. Furthermore, the use of non-invasive in vivo FT-Raman spectroscopy introduces an excellent biomedical application in investigative dermatology.

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Successful Treatment of Oxidative Stress in Vitiligo

Cited by 59 publications

References 23 publications

Minocycline protects melanocytes against H2O2-inducedcell death via JNK and p38 MAPK pathways

Minocycline protects melanocytes against H2O2-inducedcell death via JNK and p38 MAPK pathways

Oxidation Levels Differentially Impact Melanocytes: Low versus High Concentration of Hydrogen Peroxide Promotes Melanin Synthesis and Melanosome Transfer

In vitro and in vivo identification of ‘pseudocatalase’ activity in Dead Sea water using Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy

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