“…As for the patients with extensive abscesses and obstructive symptoms, invasive intervention, such as drainage or resection of infected and necrotic tissues should be considered. Although the complication associated with percutaneous drainage of pelvic abscesses, such as damage to adjacent organs (the bladder, uterus or colon), puncture site pain, nerve injury, and hematoma [6], rarely occur, it is an alternative method to treat deep pelvic abscess for cases with poor response to antibiotics, and the duration of antimicrobial therapy could be reduced [3]. Early identification and treatment of actinomyces, as well as elaborate preoperative evaluation could have helped to reduce treatment-related morbidity and a overall improve patient outcomes and safety [7].…”