Successful Treatment of Pituitary Germinoma with Etoposide, Cisplatin, Vincristine, Methotrexate and Bleomycin Chemotherapy Without Radiotherapy

Abstract

We report on the case of a 25-year-old man with pituitary germinoma. The patient had noticed polydipsia, reduced sexual function, and loss of body hair. Laboratory investigations confirmed panhypopituitarism including diabetes insipidus. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a 14×8.4 mm enhancing lesion of the pituitary stalk and histopathology of the neurosurgical biopsy confirmed pituitary germinoma. The patient was treated with 3 cycles of chemotherapy, consisting of 150 mg/m etoposide and 75 mg/m cisplatin, with the administration of intrathecal 12.5 mg methotrexate, on day one, alternating every 10 to 11 days with 1 mg/m vincristine, 1,000 mg/m methotrexate on day 1 and 30 mg/m bleomycin on day 2. MRI scans showed lasting complete remission more than a year after completion of chemotherapy. Intracranial germinomas are exquisitely sensitive to radiation. However, due to concerns of side-effects (radiation-associated tumour, relapse outside the radiation field, mental and pituitary hormonal dysfunction), and after discussing both approaches carefully with the patient, the decision was made to treat his pituitary germinoma with chemotherapy alone. Further studies should address the question as to whether a modulated approach, using radiotherapy only as a salvage in patients with relapse, might result in a better overall outcome, given the potentially harmful long-term side-effects of radiotherapy to the brain.

Epidemiology, Management, and Long-Term Survival Outcomes of Intracranial Typical Site Germinomas: An Analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER) Database

“…Therapies like these could be tailored to pediatric patients to minimize the long-term adverse effects of radiation on cognitive and endocrine dysfunction. 12 , 24 However, we found that the overall administration ratio of CT (63%) reported by Bhimani et al was similar to the 1 found in our study (60.86%). These differences in treatment patterns might be related to patient age rather than primary tumor location.…”

“…[8][9][10][11] It became necessary to decrease the radiation dose due to the sequelae of CNS irradiation, such as cognitive impairment and hormonal dysfunction. 12 As a result, platinum-based CT has been adopted by an increasing number of medical centers. Compared to radiation alone, a combination regimen of RT and CT has also been found to provide better clinical outcomes.…”

Neferine induces apoptosis by modulating the ROS‑mediated JNK pathway in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

“…For example, paclitaxel a new anti-microvascular drug extracted from the bark of Taxus brevifolia , has been used in the treatment of ESCC and ovarian carcinoma ( 5 , 6 ). Similarly, vincristine, an alkaloid extracted from Catharanthus roseus , is widely applied in the treatment of germinoma ( 7 ) and lymphoma ( 8 ). In addition, Neferine ( Fig.…”