Succession of the bacterial community and functional characteristics during continuous thermophilic composting of dairy manure amended with recycled ceramsite

Distribution of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in aerobic composting of swine manure with different antibiotics

“…In the absence of antibiotics, Corynebacterium was the dominant genus at 28 % and demonstrated the resilience of this genus to composting, and has developed LIN resistance. These results were also consistent with a previous composting study which indicated Corynebacterium was a major genus [26].…”

Heat production from biological wood oxidation

“…First of all, the heat production rate is usually dynamic during the composting due to the low heterogeneity of the OSW. For example, lignin degraders usually grow best between 35-50 °C , while temperature higher than 55 °C is suitable for manure composting (Li et al, 2019;Miyatake & Iwabuchi, 2005). The dynamic heat production rate and the volume change of the compost pile make the controlling of heat recovery difficult: insufficient heat recovery from composting will over-heat the composting pile; while too much heat recovery will cool the composting pile, which both will inhibit the degradation process.…”

“…During the composting process, however, wood usually degrades slowly in lowtemperature phases and relatively faster in high-temperature phases Shin & Jeong, 1996;Wei et al, 2019;Zhao et al, 2016). Given this context, continuous thermophilic composting is proposed to enhance the degradation process of organic matter (Li et al, 2019a). Continuous thermophilic composting maintains the composting at relatively high temperatures, ranging between 40 and 70 °C Hosseini & Aziz, 2013;Schulze, 1962;Xiao et al, 2009).…”

“…CTC maintains the composting at thermophilic phase; the temperature of CTC is usually between 40-70°C Hosseini & Aziz, 2013;Jiang et al, 2015;Schulze, 1962;Suler & Finstein, 1977;Waqas et al, 2018;Xiao et al, 2009). Although CTC has been applied to substrates like municipal solid waste (Xiao et al, 2009), dairy manure (Li et al, 2019a;Qian et al, 2016), food waste (Jiang et al, 2015;Waqas et al, 2018) and mixture of these streams (Li et al, 2019b;Suler & Finstein, 1977;, it has not been applied to wood waste yet. Moreover, the heat produced in the degradation process of CTC is often overlooked, which is a potential source for renewable heat.…”

“…which maintains composting at high temperatures, has been proposed to achieve a rapid decomposition of materials that are difficult to degrade at low temperatures Xiao et al, 2009a;. CTC has been applied for dairy manure (Li et al, 2019), municipal solid waste (Xiao et al, 2009a), and food waste (Waqas et al, 2018), however, it has never been applied to wood waste. In addition, the heat generated during CTC is usually ignored.…”