Succession on Subalpine Placer Mine Spoil: Effects of Revegetation with Alnus viridis, Alaska, U.S.A

Densmore, Roseann V.

doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0297:sospms]2.0.co;2

Cited by 23 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Also, growth of the Frankia-alders caused a decrease in the soil pH. Similar results were found with alders growing on gold mine tailings (Densmore, 2005). Van Miegroet and Cole (1985) suggested that the decrease in pH seen in alder stands could be linked to nitrification processes associated with nitrogen fixation.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

“…In the long-term, this could bring a new nitrogen source into the system, with increased biomass producing a flow-on effect to eventually increase organic matter and nutrients in the surrounding soil (Pérez-Corona et al, 2006). This nitrogen could facilitate the growth of other tree species and the establishment of multi-storey vegetation (Kohls et al, 2003;Densmore, 2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Field performance of alder-Frankia symbionts for the reclamation of oil sands sites

Lefrançois

Quoreshi

Khasa

et al. 2010

Applied Soil Ecology

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field performance of alder-Frankia symbionts for the reclamation of oil sands sites

Lefrançois

Quoreshi

Khasa

et al. 2010

Applied Soil Ecology

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“…For example, the planting of structural dominants may be a means of facilitating the entry of other native species into a community, either because these species compete successfully with exotic species that currently occupy the site or because they generate conditions that facilitate recruitment of other native species. Use of shrubs or trees as nurse plants has been a commonly used method of vegetation restoration in semi-arid (Maestre et al 2001;Gasque & García-Fayos 2004;Blignaut & Milton 2005;Huber-Sannwald & Pyke 2005), montane-Mediterranean (Castro et al 2002;Gómez-Aparicio et al 2004), tropical-forest (Sánchez-Velásquez et al 2004) and mine-site (Densmore 2005;Frérot et al 2006) environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testing a facilitation model for ecosystem restoration: Does tree planting restore ground layer species in a grassy woodland?

2010

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Planning for the restoration of degraded ecosystems has a strong basis in facilitation successional theory, which, as applied in restoration practice, states that planting of structurally dominant tree species will assist the entry of other native species into a restored community. In Australia, tree planting has been widely applied in restoration of grassy woodland ecosystems. Trees have been postulated to reduce the cover and diversity of weed species, thus facilitating recolonization of native woodland species (indirect facilitation). The expected outcomes of this process include reduced species richness and abundance of exotic plant species and increased species richness and abundance/dominance of natives in areas beneath tree canopies, with these trends strengthening with time. To assess whether this was occurring, we carried out a comparative analysis of species assemblages found underneath and outside of planted tree canopies in sites replanted with juvenile canopy tree species 3-5 or 8-10 years previously. We sampled revegetated stands of Cumberland Plain Woodland, an endangered ecological community in Western Sydney, Australia. We found that neither the number nor abundance of native ground layer species beneath canopies increased as a result of trees being planted at sites of both ages. Where seed is limited, we predicted an increase in abundance of existing native species under planted tree canopies. On this point, the results were mixed and showed some natives with an increased abundance while others decreased. Exotic species richness showed the reverse of the expected pattern, being greater under tree canopies. These findings lend no support to the theory of indirect facilitation. We conclude that simple facilitation models may be inadequate to support planning of grassy woodland restoration and that those models incorporating successional time lags and restoration barriers are likely to be more informative about the development of communities initiated by tree planting.

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“…Without active ecosystem enhancement, former placer mining sites located in the Klondike were found to take approximately 20 years to establish shrub thickets/communities, and full recovery to a coniferous forest required over 80 to 100 years (Entrix, 1986). The use of reclamation practices aimed at accelerating ecosystem recovery can reduce the amount of time needed for a shrub thicket/community to establish to less than ten years from initiation of the reclamation process (Entrix, 1986;Densmore, 2005). Similarly, topsoil replacement and tree planting has resulted in successful plant community reconstruction within 12 to 15 years of oil shale mining in Estonia, although floristic richness, soil nutrients and organic matter accumulation continue to increase over time and differ between sites planted to birch and sites planted to pine (Laarmann, 2015).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Ecosystem Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…has been found to boost soil nitrogen content in floodplain substrates (Rhoades et al, 2008). In a ten-year study in Alaska, Alnus viridis (Chasix) DC was planted on abandoned placer mining sites, where it facilitated improved growth and vigour of associated Salix alaxensis (Andersson) Coville and Populus balsamifera L. plants (Densmore, 2005).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Ecosystem Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting ecosystem recovery after placer mining in northwestern British Columbia

Haig¹

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This research sought to determine the attributes affecting unassisted ecosystem recovery after placer mining. Ninety post-mining sites in 14 creek drainages east of Atlin Lake, British Columbia, were sampled to represent a range of times since disturbance (9 to 76 years). The six indicators utilized (vascular species richness, plant community similarity to undisturbed reference sites, summed plant cover, structural diversity, A-horizon depth, wildlife activity) exhibited different recovery trajectories and dependencies. Across all six indicators, the factors most important to ecosystem recovery were, in order of importance: time since disturbance, microsite relief, elevation, slope position, and soil texture. Without any reclamation, linear extrapolation indicates that a mean of 101 years would be needed for disturbed sites to return to mean undisturbed conditions. Classification and regression tree analysis identified thresholds of these factors that may promote or hinder recovery. These thresholds were used to refine recommendations for promoting ecosystem recovery after mining.iii Acknowledgements

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Succession on Subalpine Placer Mine Spoil: Effects of Revegetation with Alnus viridis, Alaska, U.S.A

Abstract: BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses.

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Field performance of alder-Frankia symbionts for the reclamation of oil sands sites

Field performance of alder-Frankia symbionts for the reclamation of oil sands sites

Testing a facilitation model for ecosystem restoration: Does tree planting restore ground layer species in a grassy woodland?

Factors affecting ecosystem recovery after placer mining in northwestern British Columbia

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