Succinct review on emergent crisis of antibiotics resistant (MDR) bacteria: impact on human health worldwide

Abstract

Multidrug resistance (MDR) has become an alarming global health menace due to either overuse or abuse of antibiotics. It has happened because of lack of proper diagnostic testing and absence of general medical awareness including overuse of antibiotics in livestock and animal husbandry. Indeed, increased MDR phenomenon is led to increase in global mortality and morbidity because of diseases treatment failures that impacted global healthcare costs. It is done due to inappropriate continual use of antibiotics in human therapies, in animal husbandry and aquaculture farming practices that resulted in increase the incidence of pathogenic bacteria becoming resistant to multiple drugs. Multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria are very common to become prevalent causes of community-acquired infections that associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Colonisation of foreign patients by MDR bacteria is found to major health concern as predisposing factors in hospitals. During hospitalization and ICU treatment of critically ill foreign patients including travellers/tourists are found to having increased risk of acquiring MDR bacteria when hospitalized abroad. Hence, all these multiple factors led to fuelling in antibiotic resistance of bacteria during pandemic crisis and causing lethal effect in cancer patients due to treatment. Antibiotic resistant pathogens to protect world human population from this global health threat. So, this stipulated review is highlighted the insight of various notable aspects of fuelling of antibiotic resistance in bacteria including their possible modes of actions and ingrained impacts on human health. Henceforth, it is the peak era to explore new sustainable therapeutic alternatives to curb increase in global MDR crisis.