Suckling Induces Rapid Intestinal Growth and Changes in Brush Border Digestive Functions of Newborn Pigs

Zhang, Hongzheng; Malo, Christiane; Buddington, Randal K.

doi:10.1093/jn/127.3.418

Cited by 87 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…There are different distributions of intestinal enzyme activities along the small intestine in calves [28] and pigs [10,29]. The positive correlations between villus size and enzyme activities in this study point at the overall importance of the intestinal surface for the capacity of enzymatic digestion in the neonatal calf, as similarly reported in neonatal pigs [30].…”

Section: Histomorphometric and Proliferation Measurements And Enzyme supporting

confidence: 75%

Intestinal Development in Neonatal Calves: Effects of Glucocorticoids and Dependence on Colostrum Feeding<sup>1</sup>

et al. 2004

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The neonatal development of the gastrointestinal tract around parturition in precocious mammals is greatly affected by endocrine factors like glucocorticoids as well as by nutritional factors. We have studied the effects of glucocorticoids and colostrum supply on intestinal morphology, cell proliferation, digestive enzyme activities, and xylose absorption in neonatal calves to test the hypothesis that the intestinal development in neonatal calves is influenced by glucocorticoids, dependent on colostrum feeding. Calves designated GrFD^– and GrFD⁺ were fed a milk-based formula, whereas those designated GrCD^– and GrCD⁺ received colostrum. Dexamethasone (DEXA; 30 µg/kg/day) was injected at feeding times to calves of GrFD⁺ and GrCD⁺. On day 3, the D-xylose absorption was measured. The calves were euthanized on day 5 of life. Colostrum feeding increased villus sizes in jejunum and ileum, enhanced xylose absorption capacity, and increased peptidase activities in the ileum. DEXA treatment diminished sizes and cell proliferation rates of Peyer’s patches in the ileum, yet increased proliferation of crypt cells in the ileum of formula-fed calves. DEXA reduced aminopeptidase N activities in the jejunum of formula-fed calves, but increased the peptidase activities mainly of colostrum-fed calves in the ileum. Thus, DEXA effects depended on intestinal segment and on different feeding, resulting in stimulation of crypt cell proliferation in the less mature ileum (of formula-fed calves) and in stimulation of peptidase activities in the more mature ileum (of colostrum-fed calves). We conclude that the effects of DEXA were related to the developmental stage of the neonatal intestine and promoted the intestinal development, depending on the developmental stage.

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Section: Histomorphometric and Proliferation Measurements And Enzyme supporting

confidence: 75%

Intestinal Development in Neonatal Calves: Effects of Glucocorticoids and Dependence on Colostrum Feeding<sup>1</sup>

et al. 2004

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“…Previous studies indicate that the onset of suckling stimulates several brush border membrane enzymes and transporters in rodents and pigs, and this stimulation is due to speciesspecific factors present in colostrum (13,37,38). Low levels of RFC protein were detected at birth in all segments of pig small intestine but increased more than twofold after 24 h of consuming colostrum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Postnatal ontogeny of intestinal GCPII and the RFC in pig

Shafizadeh¹,

Halsted²

2009

American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physi

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In humans and pigs, hydrolysis of dietary polyglutamyl folates is carried out by intestinal brush border folate hydrolase [glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII)], whereas the transport of the monoglutamyl folate derivatives occurs via the intestinal brush border reduced folate carrier (RFC). The study objective was to measure the expression of intestinal GCPII and RFC during postnatal development of pigs and their effects on plasma and liver folate concentrations. Duodenum, jejunum, ileum, liver, and plasma samples were collected from female Yorkshire pigs at birth, 24 h, 1 wk, 3 wk, and 6 mo (n=6 at each time point). GCPII mRNA transcripts and protein (normalized using beta-actin), and enzyme activity (normalized per mg mucosal protein) were highest in all segments of small intestine at birth and were undetectable in ileum after 1 wk, whereas jejunal protein and activity predominated at 6 mo. RFC mRNA transcripts were present in all segments of small intestine at birth and declined significantly throughout development to 6 mo. Conversely, RFC protein increased twofold during the first 24 h and remained constant throughout development in all segments of small intestine. Liver RFC mRNA transcripts were detected at birth but were reduced by 6 mo. Liver folate concentration increased throughout postnatal development, whereas plasma folate levels increased during the first 24 h but decreased over time, reflecting the pattern of RFC expression in small intestine. These findings show that intestinal GCPII and intestinal and hepatic RFC all exhibit ontogenic changes in the pig that are reflected in postnatal folate status.

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“…In parallel to this, a fall in lactase-phloridzin hydrolase (β-galactosidase) activity has been observed [39,6], which may be associated with colostrum intake induced changes in the intestinal mucose ability to absorb and in the activity of the most apical distribution enzymes [40]. Colostrum ingestion is also associated with enhanced pinocytotic activity of the intestinal mucose and has been reported to either increase or decrease the specific activity of lactase (expressed per gram of protein) while consistently increasing the specific activities of enzymes such as maltase and aminopeptidases [40][41][42].…”

Section: Trial 2: Effect Of Biostimulation On Certain Digestive Morpmentioning

confidence: 92%

Transitory disturbances in growing lactating rabbits after transient doe-litter separation

et al. 2004

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-To determine the effect of a transient doe-litter separation (48 h) on milk production and feed intake from 1 to 21 days post-partum, a control group (C) in which litters had free access to nursing, and a biostimulated group (B) in which litters were separated from their does from d 9 to d 11 post-partum were used. Total milk production was higher in (C) than in (B) does (5090 ± 1.1 g vs. 4593 ± 150 g, P < 0.05). On days 12, 13, 14 and 15 of the lactation period, milk production was 40% (P < 0.0001), 18% (P < 0.05), 15% (P < 0.05), and 15% (P < 0.01) higher in (C) than in (B), respectively. No significant differences were observed in feed intake during the period studied (7961 ± 352 g in (C) does, and 7834 ± 329 g in (B) does). After fasting, 11-day-old kits showed lower gut weight, body weight, empty stomach relative weight (RW), stomach content RW and small intestine RW (P < 0.05), but the differences disappeared at 21 days of age. A reduction in villous height (P < 0.065) was observed in separated kits at 11 days old compared to 9-and 11-day-old control kits (579.0 ± 28.4 vs. 664.64 ± 27.6, and 724.33 ± 24.1 µm, respectively), but no differences were observed at either 16 or 21 days of age. Specific jejunal lactase activity increased significantly in 11-day-old separated kits (P < 0.05). A significant increase in sucrase activity at 21 days in both groups (P < 0.05) was detected. In conclusion, a fasting period of 48 h at 9 days of age does not compromise the subsequent development of certain digestive parameters of young rabbits.doe-litter separation / enzyme activities / milk production / villi height

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Suckling Induces Rapid Intestinal Growth and Changes in Brush Border Digestive Functions of Newborn Pigs

Cited by 87 publications

References 42 publications

Intestinal Development in Neonatal Calves: Effects of Glucocorticoids and Dependence on Colostrum Feeding<sup>1</sup>

Intestinal Development in Neonatal Calves: Effects of Glucocorticoids and Dependence on Colostrum Feeding<sup>1</sup>

Postnatal ontogeny of intestinal GCPII and the RFC in pig

Transitory disturbances in growing lactating rabbits after transient doe-litter separation

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