Sucralose—an overview of the toxicity data

Grice, H. C.; Goldsmith, L. A.

doi:10.1016/s0278-6915(00)00023-5

Cited by 149 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Although, ingestion of encapsulated aspartame was associated with a reduction in subsequent food intake, this effect did not seem to be mediated by GLP-1 release (Hall et al, 2003). We chose not to encapsulate sucralose in our study, as it remains intact throughout the GI tract and very little is absorbed (Grice and Goldsmith, 2000). Therefore, sucralose may stimulate receptors on more distal L-cells throughout the GI tract.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects

et al. 2011

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Background/Objective: The sweet-taste receptor (T1r2 þ T1r3) is expressed by enteroendocrine L-cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Application of sucralose (a non-calorific, non-metabolisable sweetener) to L-cells in vitro stimulates glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 secretion, an effect that is inhibited with co-administration of a T1r2 þ T1r3 inhibitor. We conducted a randomised, single-blinded, crossover study in eight healthy subjects to investigate whether oral ingestion of sucralose could stimulate L-cell-derived GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY) release in vivo. Methods: Fasted subjects were studied on 4 study days in random order. Subjects consumed 50 ml of either water, sucralose (0.083% w/v), a non-sweet, glucose-polymer matched for sweetness with sucralose addition (50% w/v maltodextrin þ 0.083% sucralose) or a modified sham-feeding protocol (MSF ¼ oral stimulation) of sucralose (0.083% w/v). Appetite ratings and plasma GLP-1, PYY, insulin and glucose were measured at regular time points for 120 min. At 120 min, energy intake at a buffet meal was measured. Results: Sucralose ingestion did not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY. MSF of sucralose did not elicit a cephalic phase response for insulin or GLP-1. Maltodextrin ingestion significantly increased insulin and glucose compared with water (Po0.001). Appetite ratings and energy intake were similar for all groups. Conclusions: At this dose, oral ingestion of sucralose does not increase plasma GLP-1 or PYY concentrations and hence, does not reduce appetite in healthy subjects. Oral stimulation with sucralose had no effect on GLP-1, insulin or appetite.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects

et al. 2011

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“…Nicotine has a high toxicity to humans, compared to other alkaloids and neonicotinoid pesticides, such as imidacloprid, are widely used. The toxicity of artificial sweeteners as food additives is reviewed by Grice and Goldsmith (2000) and by Whitehouse et al (2008).…”

Section: Lifestyle and Personal Care Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

Stuart

Lapworth

Crane

et al. 2012

Science of The Total Environment

675

284

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This paper provides a review of the types of emerging organic groundwater contaminants (EGCs) which are beginning to be found in the UK. EGCs are compounds being found in groundwater that were previously not detectable or known to be significant and can come from agricultural, urban and rural point sources. EGCs include nanomaterials, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, industrial compounds, personal care products, fragrances, water treatment by-products, flame retardants and surfactants, as well as caffeine and nicotine. Many are relatively small polar molecules which may not be effectively removed by drinking water treatment. Data from the UK Environment Agency's groundwater screening programme for organic pollutants found within the 30 most frequently detected compounds a number of EGCs such as pesticide metabolites, caffeine and DEET. Specific determinands frequently detected include pesticides metabolites, pharmaceuticals including carbamazepine and triclosan, nicotine, food additives and alkyl phosphates. This paper discusses the routes by which these compounds enter groundwater, their toxicity and potential risks to drinking water and the environment. It identifies challenges that need to be met to minimise risk to drinking water and ecosystems.

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“…This finding would indicate that no obvious specific candidate biomarkers exist for these compounds. Acesulfame-K (87) and saccharin are almost completely absorbed and excreted unchanged via the urine, (88)(89)(90) while cyclamate (30-50 %) (91) and sucralose (10-15 %) (92,93) undergo partial absorption and the absorbed proportion is excreted unchanged via the urine with the unabsorbed proportions excreted via the faeces. In about 20 % of the population, cyclamate can be converted to cyclohexylamine via bacterial hydrolysis in the gut, which is absorbed and also excreted via the urine (94) .…”

Section: Potential Application Of a Biomarker Approach For Investigatmentioning

confidence: 99%

The potential application of a biomarker approach for the investigation of low-calorie sweetener exposure

et al. 2016

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Low-calorie sweeteners (LCS) are commonly used as sugar substitutes in the diet to provide a desired sweet taste without increased energy intake. The number of LCS available on the market has increased considerably over the years and despite extensive evaluation of their safety prior to approval, debate continues around the effects of consumption on health. In Europe, Member States are obligated to monitor exposure to LCS and methods currently used tend to rely on self-reported dietary intake data alongside LCS concentrations in products. However, the acquisition of accurate data can be costly in terms of resources and time and are inherently imprecise. Although LCS are intensely sweet, they are chemically diverse and a limitation of many studies investigating the health effects of consumption is that they often fail to discern intakes of individual LCS. An approach which objectively assesses intakes of individual LCS would therefore allow robust investigations of their possible effects on health. Biomarker approaches have been utilised for the objective investigation of intakes of a range of dietary components and the feasibility of any such approach depends upon its validity as well as its applicability within the target population. This review aims to provide an overview of current understanding of LCS intake and explore the possibility of implementing a biomarker approach to enhance such understanding. Several commonly used LCS, once absorbed into the body, are excreted via the kidneys; therefore a urinary biomarker approach may be possible for the investigation of short-term exposure to these compounds.

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Sucralose—an overview of the toxicity data

Cited by 149 publications

References 4 publications

Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects

Effects of oral ingestion of sucralose on gut hormone response and appetite in healthy normal-weight subjects

Review of risk from potential emerging contaminants in UK groundwater

The potential application of a biomarker approach for the investigation of low-calorie sweetener exposure

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