A linear compressor does not have a crank mechanism to drive the piston and is driven directly by a linear motor, which has a higher electrical efficiency than a traditional rotary induction motor. So it becomes an important research direction of future refrigerator compressor. This paper aims to optimize the structure of piston and cylinder of linear compressor to reduce friction loss and improve compressor’s efficient. From the design analysis and experiment, the structure and material of piston and cylinder are improved. All the support points are on the piston. Material of cast iron is used for piston and cylinder. And phosphate processing is performed on the surface. Experiments verified that the changes can reduce wear and improve the efficiency of the compressor.