Sudden cardiac arrest in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with dynamic cavity obstruction: The case for a decatecholaminisation strategy

Bălan, Cosmin; Wong, Adrian

doi:10.1177/1751143717732729

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 53 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…An awareness that epinephrine may sometimes be proarrhythmic in other acute cardiac deterioration is important; examples may include myocarditis or acute myocardial ischemia (such as due to anomalous coronary arterial supply). Epinephrine may also induce paradoxical hypotension during the acute management of cardiac arrest due to obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (28). In such cases, β1-adrenergic effects increase contractility and thus the outflow obstruction, whereas β2-adrenergic effects reduce systemic vascular resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia: The Cardiac Arrest Where Epinephrine Is Contraindicated*

Bellamy

Nuthall

Dalziel

et al. 2019

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine

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Objectives: To raise awareness among pediatric intensive care specialists of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia; an uncommon cause of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation arrest in children and young adults where epinephrine (adrenaline), even when given according to international protocols, can be counter-productive and life-threatening. We review three cases of cardiac arrest in children, later proven to be catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia related, where delay in recognition of this condition resulted in significantly longer resuscitation efforts, more interventions, and a longer time to return of spontaneous circulation. Design: Retrospective case series. Setting: Tertiary children’s hospital. Patients and Results: Three previously well children 4, 5, and 10 years old presented with cardiac arrest triggered by light activity, partial water immersion, and running, respectively. Initial resuscitation was bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation and community defibrillation in all three cases. Electrocardiograms revealed multifocal ventricular ectopy, and in two (4 and 10 yr old), this correlated with repeated administration of epinephrine during repeated ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest resuscitation cycles. This ultimately resolved immediately (at 78 and 140 min, respectively) with IV opiates once catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia was suspected. During recovery, on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, epinephrine challenge in two children induced polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, bidirectional ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation, which was cardioverted with flecainide in the 4-year-old. The third case was recognized early as catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and was managed by avoiding epinephrine and using opiates and general anesthesia after the initial (single) cardioversion, and had a much better clinical course, without recourse to extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. All three carried de novo RyR2 (cardiac ryanodine) mutations. Conclusions: Those involved in resuscitation of young people should be aware of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and be suspicious of persistent ventricular ectopy, polymorphic, or bidirectional ventricular tachycardia during resuscitation. Appropriate management is avoidance of epinephrine, administration of general anesthesia, IV opiates, and consideration of flecainide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%