Sudden Death Disease of Cacao in Uganda Associated with Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

Leakey, C. L. A.

doi:10.1080/00128325.1965.11662020

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Both Verticillium wilt and Ceratocystis wilt can result in rapid death of trees (Lass 1985). Healthy cacao trees can die within one week after very dry conditions or waterlogging if they are severely attacked by Verticillium (Leakey 1965). Quesnel (1967) and Lass (1985) attributed the cause of the 1727 event to Ceratocystis.…”

Section: The Disease Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Revisiting 1727: Crop Failure Leads to the Birth of Trinitario Cacao

Motilal

Sreenivasan

2012

Journal of Crop Improvement

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The Trinitario variety of cacao ( Theobroma cacao L.) has made a significant impact on global cacao genetic resources because of early historic movements of germplasm. The genesis of the Trinitario cacao from Trinidad, the southernmost island in the Caribbean, is shrouded with uncertainty but is linked to a catastrophic failure of the cacao crop during the colonial period. This disaster was said to occur in 1727 and was recorded several times as a 'blast' or 'blight.' However, early historical records indicated that the disaster occurred in 1725 and that these terms probably came into use in Trinidad after at least 75 years. It is, therefore, suggested that undue emphasis should not be placed on these two terms. Possible reasons for the devastation are revisited and an alternative hypothesis combining the susceptibility of Criollo plants to the agronomic practices and the environmental conditions that existed at the time is proposed. The climatic conditions of the 1720s during the Little Ice Age are advanced as the trigger for the catastrophe.

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Section: The Disease Theorymentioning

confidence: 97%

Revisiting 1727: Crop Failure Leads to the Birth of Trinitario Cacao

Motilal

Sreenivasan

2012

Journal of Crop Improvement

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“…Verticillium dahliae was recognized as a cacao pathogen for the first time in Uganda, causing a disease previously referred to as "sudden death disease" reported in this country since 1915 (Leakey, 1965). Verticillium wilt was indicated as the main disease affecting cacao in Uganda, with tree losses of up to 30% on some farms (Matovu, 1973) and considered to be a significant limitation to cacao production (Leakey, 1965). In Uganda, VW has also been reported on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (Emechebe et al, 1972;CFC and 21FT, 2003).…”

Section: Host Range and Geographical Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Management of Verticillium Wilt of Cacao

Bouchon¹,

Hoopen

2022

Front. Agron.

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The vascular disease Verticillium wilt of cacao (Theobroma cacao), caused by the soilborne fungus Verticillium dahliae, is often qualified as a “minor” disease. However, it can cause severe losses locally, for example, in western Uganda and northeast of the Democratic Republic of Congo. This disease is difficult to control, notably due to an extended host range and prolonged survival in the soil. Therefore, Verticillium wilt must be addressed through an integrated disease management strategy as employed for other tree crops such as olive. Few studies, nonetheless, have focused on how to confront this disease in cacao. This paper aims to provide an overview of our knowledge on Verticillium wilt on cacao and the integrated disease management strategies for preventing and controlling it. Promising avenues based on findings in other crops that could be adapted to cacao are also explored. Good agricultural practices, genetic resistance, biological control, induced resistance, and the use of organic amendments with or without biocontrol agents are discussed. Moreover, the potential benefits of some of these solutions toward the resistance to other cacao diseases, abiotic stress, and nutrition improvement are presented.

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“…De las 40 plantas inoculadas con el patógeno, 50 % y 90 % mostraron síntomas característicos de la enfermedad con el método vía Drench y de punción en tallos, respectivamente. Esta enfermedad causada por V. dalhiae fue reportada en 1965 en Uganda (Emechebe, Leakey, & Banage, 1971;Leakey, 1965), y en Brasil se ha convertido en un serio problema en los estados de Bahía y Espíritu Santo, en los que se produce el 85 % del cacao (Resende et al, 1995). Además, T. cacao, en norte-oriental de Brasil, puede ser considerado un hospedante favorito para Verticillium, porque todos los aislamientos brasileños de T. cacao fueron patogénicos y destructivos (Resende et al, 1994).…”

Section: Patogenicidadunclassified

Muerte repentina de Theobroma cacao L. causado por Verticillium dahliae Kleb. en el Perú y su biocontrol in vitro

Ttacca¹,

Arévalo‐Gardini²,

Bouchon³

2019

CTA

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En el sector Atusparia, Tocache, de la Región de San Martín, Perú, plantas de Theobroma cacao L. (Malvaceae) clon CCN-51 de dos años de edad presentaron, por primera vez en enero de 2010, síntomas de amarillamiento en hojas, marchitez y muerte, e internamente obstrucción del sistema vascular. Para el aislamiento del agente causal, tejidos enfermos fueron sembrados en placas Petri que contenían medio papa dextrosa agar oxitetraciclina, cuya identificación fue con base en un análisis morfológico, microscópico y secuenciación de Sanger. Las pruebas de patogenicidad se hicieron en T. cacao clon ICS-1 con edad de tres meses, inoculadas con una suspensión de conidias de 1x107 ufc/mL por dos métodos de inoculación (Drench al suelo y punción en el tallo). La capacidad antagónica (micoparasitismo y antibiosis) se determinó in vitro con aislamientos de Trichoderma endófito sobre el patógeno. En ambos métodos de inoculación, se observaron síntomas de marchitez de diferentes grados de severidad y se confirmó que el agente causal de la muerte súbita del T. cacao fue el hongo Verticillium dahliae Kleb. El análisis de la secuencia blast reveló que el aislamiento mostró un 100 % de homología con las secuencias de V. dahliae en GenBank. El Trichoderma TE-91 fue identificado como el micoparásito más agresivo, debido a que sus metabolitos inhibieron completamente el crecimiento micelial del patógeno.

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Sudden Death Disease of Cacao in Uganda Associated with Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

Cited by 12 publications

References 1 publication

Revisiting 1727: Crop Failure Leads to the Birth of Trinitario Cacao

Revisiting 1727: Crop Failure Leads to the Birth of Trinitario Cacao

Integrated Management of Verticillium Wilt of Cacao

Muerte repentina de Theobroma cacao L. causado por Verticillium dahliae Kleb. en el Perú y su biocontrol in vitro

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