Sudden death in patients with sleep apnea: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Over 1 billion individuals across the globe experience some form of sleep apnea, and this number is steadily rising. OSA can negatively influence ones quality of life (QOL), while also increasing their risk of mortality from many causes. However, the association between OSA and mortality has not been comprehensively and thoroughly explored. This meta-analysis was conducted to conclusively estimate the risk of death for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in OSA patients. Study Design: 4,613 articles from databases including PUBMED, OVID & Joana Briggs, and SCOPUS were comprehensively assessed by two reviewers (AES & ESH) for inclusion criteria. 28 total articles were included, with 22 of them being used for quantitative analysis. Pooled effects of all-cause mortality, cardiac mortality, and sudden death were calculated by utilizing the metaprop function in R Statistical Software and the random-effects model with appropriate 95% confidence intervals. Results: Analysis on 42,032 individuals revealed that those with OSA were twice as likely to die from cardiac mortality compared to those without sleep apnea (HR= 1.94, 95%CI 1.39-2.70). Likewise, individuals with OSA were 1.7 times as likely to die from all-cause mortality compared to individuals without sleep apnea (HR= 1.74, 95%CI 1.40-2.10). Conclusions: Individuals with obstructive sleep apnea are at an increased risk for all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality. Further research related to appropriate interventions and treatments are necessary in order to reduce this risk and optimize survival in this population.

The effect of explicit and implicit online self-compassion interventions on sleep quality among Chinese adults: A longitudinal and diary study

“…Sleep problem is a general issue that disturbs modern society (Chattu et al, 2018). Multiple studies have found that poor sleep is associated with many negative health outcomes, including cognitive impairment (Killgore, 2010;Bubu et al, 2017), mood disorders (Hertenstein et al, (Irwin, 2015) and death (Vaccaro et al, 2020;Heilbrunn et al, 2021). Although medication is a common treatment for sleep disorders, it can cause side effects.…”