Sudden death of two horses associated with pulmonary aspergillosis

Johnson, Philip J.; Moore, L.A.; Mrad, D R; Turk, James R.; Wilson, David A.

doi:10.1136/vr.145.1.16

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Aspergillus spp. has been associated with airway diseases in the horse including guttural pouch mycosis and pulmonary aspergillosis . Our findings suggest, not surprisingly, that Aspergillus represents part of the normal microbiota of the equine sinus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Culture‐independent and dependent evaluation of the equine paranasal sinus microbiota in health and disease

Beste

Lawhon

Chamoun‐Emanuelli

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Summary Background Horses with bacterial sinusitis frequently undergo empirical treatment with antimicrobials, however, in some cases bacterial culture of the affected sinus is used to direct therapy. Data regarding which organisms are part of the commensal microbiota of the equine sinus are lacking making it difficult to interpret culture results and guide empiric antimicrobial selection. Objectives Our objectives were to describe the bacterial and fungal microbiota of the paranasal sinuses in clinically normal horses using culture‐dependent and independent approaches and to compare the bacterial culture and susceptibility patterns of normal horses with those from horses affected with primary and secondary sinusitis. Study design Experimental study and descriptive retrospective review of case records. Methods Sinus washes were collected from 23 healthy horses. Washes were submitted for routine culture and susceptibility testing and DNA was isolated for next generation sequencing of bacterial and fungal marker genes. For clinical cases of sinusitis, medical records from 2010 to 2017 were reviewed and horses diagnosed with primary and/or secondary sinusitis were included. Results The paranasal sinus cavity hosts multiple bacterial and fungal organisms. The bacterial microbiota of healthy horses consists largely of uncultivable, aerobic bacteria. While few anaerobes were isolated from normal horses, the majority of clinical cases resulted in growth of anaerobic organisms with no difference in the proportion of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated from clinical cases. Main limitations Small sample size in both populations of horses and heterogeneity of the population prevent a more in‐depth analysis. Conclusions The microbiota of the paranasal sinuses of horses consists primarily of aerobic bacteria and fungal organisms, the majority of which are uncultivable via common clinical methods. Anaerobic bacteria are found in the majority of horses with clinical sinusitis. These findings suggest anaerobic bacteria are associated with sinusitis and their presence should be considered when treating horses with sinusitis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Culture‐independent and dependent evaluation of the equine paranasal sinus microbiota in health and disease

Beste

Lawhon

Chamoun‐Emanuelli

et al. 2019

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…Serum biochemical findings associated with the disease included increased activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase. Further cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a slight increase in total protein concentration and a normal nucleated cell count and few erythrocytes (Johnson et al, 1999).…”

Section: Mycotic Pneumonia (Pulmonary Aspergillosis)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The haematological abnormalities associated with the disease include low packed cell volume, low haemoglobin concentration, low red blood cell count, leukocytosis with a neutrophilia and lymphopenia (Johnson et al, 1999). Serum biochemical findings associated with the disease included increased activities of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase.…”

Section: Mycotic Pneumonia (Pulmonary Aspergillosis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematology and Clinical Biochemistry Findings Associated with Equine Diseases - a Review

Agina

2017

Not Sci Biol

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The course and outcome of a disease process is dependent upon factors such as the disease-causing agent and its cell tropism, defense mechanisms of the host, genetic resistance of the species or breed affected, as well as the age, nutritional status and hormonal levels of the affected animal. When haematology, clinical biochemistry and cytology test results are combined with other laboratory procedures, complete physical examination and also with the history of the patient, a veterinarian is well armed to arrive at a definitive diagnosis, make a certain prognosis (good, poor or guarded) and can also make a concluding statement on the efficacy of the instituted therapy. In clinical biochemistry, demonstration of specific enzyme activity and concentration of analytes in serum/plasma facilitates the disease diagnosis. Also, evaluation of haematology, clinical biochemistry and diagnostic cytology tests can help establish the presence or absence of diseases of internal organs, and by serial performance of these tests, may help to determine whether a disease process remains static, progressive or regressive. This review therefore provides the haematological, serum biochemical and cytological characteristics of diseases caused by the main bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, helminths, arthropods, nutritional deficiencies, endocrine disturbances, neoplasm, allergy, toxins (phytoxins and zootoxins) and inorganic poisons in horses.

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“…Accordingly, disease usually occurs when host-debilitating conditions favor the penetration and the growth of these opportunistic fungi [6]. Pulmonary aspergillosis is clinically characterized by mild respiratory signs, tachypnea associated with adventitious lung or pleural sounds and fever [4,12,13]. Conversely, guttural pouch aspergillosis may cause epistaxis, dysphagia, soft palate paresis, pharyngeal paralysis, and laryngeal hemiplegia [7,9,[14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%